168 THE ENTOMOLOGISTS RECORD. 
Pararge megaera race caledonia, Verity, Bulletin de la Société 
Entomologique de France, 1911, p. 314, pl. i., fig. 12. 
This species varies very little geographically on the Continent. In 
Corsica and Sardinia a variety entirely replaces it, which is so distinct 
as probably to have attained the rank of a sub-species, tigelius, Bon. 
The Alpine form or race of megaera I have named alticola; it 
is smaller, of a lighter fulvous, with the black pattern reduced in 
extent and the ocelli smaller. One of the chief individual variations, 
which occurs with tolerable frequency in the south, is tigeliiformis, 
Verity, in which the black streak, extending across the hindwing 
between the cell and the ocelli, is entirely obliterated, as it is in 
tigelius. 
The only region in which true megaera acquires the characteristies 
of a distinct local variety is probably Britain. Its culminating form 
is reached in the far north of Scotland, but all through England most 
specimens are distinctly transitional to it. Its distinctive characters 
consist in the greater extent and deeper tone of the black pattern on 
both sides of the wings; the marginal brown band is very broad and 
so is the androconial one in the male; the streak, which detaches 
itself from it on the first cubital nervule and extends to the hind- 
margin, is so thick as to blend on the second cubital with the marginal 
band mentioned above; the basal half of the hindwings is of a uniform 
black colour; the median band, which is absent in tigelius, is here on 
the contrary, very prominent; on the underside of the forewings the 
black streaks are more prominent than in any other race; the streaks 
of the hindwings are very conspicuous and the ground colour is richly 
suffused with black scales, especially between the two median streaks. 
My typical series of specimens is from the north coast of Scotland. 
Epinephile jurtina race janira, L. 
I have shown in my paper on the Linnean collection, already 
mentioned several times, that the name of the species should be jurtina, 
as pointed out by Staudinger, and that the nymo-typical race is the 
gigantic and brightly coloured one from North Africa, which used to 
be known under the name of fortunata, Alph., and a female of which 
is in the Linnean collection. 
In the south of Europe, and more especially in its extreme portion, 
hispulla, Hb., is met with, which constitutes a transition to the race of 
Central and Northern Europe, and the name of which should be 
janira, L., the male specimen left to us by this author under this name 
belonging to the latter race. 
The British race has, to my knowledge, Rothe to distinguish it 
from the janira race of the Continent, and even the usual British 
characteristic of extensive individual variation seems to fall short of 
this species entirely, if one overlooks certain variations which occur 
with disconcerting constancy all through the species down to the nymo- 
typical African giant, and which do not seem to be in the slightest 
degree influenced by surroundings, actually constituting quite a 
specific character, for I do not believe any other Kuropean butterfly 
exhibits a similar phenomenon; I mean, for instance, the presence or 
absence of ocelli on the underside of the hindwings and the greyish- 
white or yellowish ground colour, ete. The greater or lesser develop- 
ment of the fulvous ring-shaped space round the apical ocellus in the 
