170 THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
day remained lumped together under the name of Epinephile. He- 
thus made out the existence of several genera, two of which are 
represented in Britain; one of these he has named HMpinephile, the- 
other Pyronia. 
The British race of tithonus, L., 1s decidedly different from the usual 
Continental one, which, however, in the more northern portion of its. 
habitat does vary in the same direction, as compared to the South 
European races. Linnaeus’ type came from some part of Germany. 
My original description of britanniae translates as follows :—‘‘ The two- 
sexes are of a deeper fulvous colour; the marginal black bands are 
broader, and this character is more particularly noticeable on the hind- 
wings, where their internal outline is very diffused and often spreads. 
so far beyond the anal ocellus as nearly to blend with the black basal 
suffusion ; the latter is often so widespread as to completely fill up the- 
internal area of the cell; the androconial band in the male is very much 
broader, and its forepart extends well around the end of the cell; the 
number of oeelli tends to increase, and as many as five on the forewing 
and three on the hindwing may exist. It is interesting to notice that 
the two latter characters (with reference to the androconial band and 
to the ocelli) seem due to insular surroundings, for they are to be found 
both in the British and in the Sardinian races (fulyens, Turati), although 
these two races stand diametrically opposite to each other in the varia- 
tion of the species, judging by the appearance of the underside. The 
underside of britanniae is characterised by the very bright chestnut colour: 
which covers the basal half of the hindwing, which constitues a mar- 
ginal band, and which furthermore exists around the ocelli in the shape 
of broad rings; these stand out distinetly on an area of a tolerably clear 
yellow tinge, sharply outlined both on the near and on the far side; on 
the contrary in Continental specimens the whole of the pattern just 
described does not stand out clearly, because its outlines are diffused 
and blended together to a greater or a lesser extent; the yellow scaling, 
besides, overshades the chestnut colour, which is also less bright and_ 
often distinctly greyish, whilst the yellow colouring is always much 
paler and often of a dirty white colour; it must be added that in 
britanniae the ocelli often exhibit a very large white pupil, which 
greatly reduces the extent of the black ring, sometimes so much so as 
to make it nearly imperceptible, especially in the female sex. 
My typical series are from Bude (North Cornwall), collected towards. 
the middle of July, and from Benfleet (South Essex), collected at 
about the same time of year. 
Aphantopus hyperantus, L. 
This species only varies geographically in size and depth of colour. 
In the arctic region flies the extremely small and jet black arctica,. 
Seitz, with no ocelli on upperside ; in the rest of Northern Hurope and 
in Central Europe, including Britain, the nymo-typical form is to be 
found, as shown by the male and female types in the Linnean collec- 
tion; a special local race has been described as minor, Fuchs, from. 
Oberstdorf (Bavaria, 872 m.), which is small, of a dull brown, with an- 
olive-grey underside in the male and an olive-yellowish one in the 
female; finally, in the southern portion of its area of distribution,. 
hyperantus reaches a much larger size, especially in the females, just 
as large in fact as ocellatus, Butler, from Eastern Asia, but with 
