172 THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
S.E. of Europe; the distribution of the Linnean one, in the broad 
sense of the word, corresponds to that of aegeria race egerides; this 
parallelism in variation is worth taking note of. 
The difference between these two sub-species is so striking, and 
Ksper’s figure so demonstrative that no explanation can be given why 
the name lyllus has been used in a wholesale manner for the summer 
brood from the entire habitat of pamphilus. 
The chief characters of lyllus are the following: On the upperside 
the black marginal band is sub-divided in a marginal and in a pre- 
marginal one by spaces of the ground-colour; this never occurs in the 
spring brood of pamphilus, and only occasionally, as an individual 
variation, in the summer brood of the hottest parts of its habitat, but 
anyhow, never as prominently as in the summer lyllus. The median 
streak on the underside of the forewing is generally very much 
developed, as it is represented in Esper’s figure. The underside of the 
hindwings has an entirely different aspect in the summer brood from 
that of pamphilus, it is very light in colour, usually of a pale, more 
rarely of a reddish, buff, which is quite pure in the female, but mixed 
with brownish or blackish scaling in the male. The transverse band is 
very sharply defined in the male and its outline stands out well on a 
broad whitish diffused area; in the female this pattern may be similar 
to the male’s, but it is often quite inconspicuous, culminating in 
‘torrida, Verity, in which it is. nearly imperceptible, the wing being 
uniformly of a very pale buff colour. In the spring brood the 
characters which differentiate lyllus from pamphilus are much less 
conspicuous, but a careful observer can detect they are just as constant: 
besides the double marginal band of the upperside, and the more promi- 
nent median streak of the underside of the forewings, it must be noticed 
that the basal half of the hindwing on this surface is very dark, 
contrasting with the much lighter outer-half, somewhat as in scota, 
Verity, but with no white band, or with a very inconspicuous one; the 
-ocelli tend to be more developed and more numerous than in pawphilus, 
.and in my series from Sardinia most specimens have a supplementary 
one on the underside of the forewings between the cubital nervules ; 
-one can furthermore add that examples very frequently occur with the 
black marginal pattern of the upperside extremely indistinct, of a very 
pale grey and sometimes nearly entirely absent (form detersa, Verity) ; 
this never occurs in the spring brood of pamphilus and is not frequent 
even in the summer one. I must also describe and name another very 
distinct form, which I have received only from Africa and of the 
summer brood ; the pre-marginal band is so broad as to extend far 
beyond the row of ocelli, these standing out in the middle of a small 
circular area of the ground-colour; this broad blackish band is very 
diffused internally, but sharply outlined externally on the spaces which 
separate it from the narrow marginal streak (form latevittata, nom. 
mov.). Staudinger’s name thyrsides is but a synonym of lyllus, Esp., 
unless it should be found useful to designate the specimens with 
particularly prominent ocelli, this being the character mentioned 
by him. 
Turning our attention to the Linnean sub-species of pamphilus, we 
find its races can be grouped under two headings, the most highly 
characterised representatives of which are the extreme northern and the 
-extreme southern races of its area of distribution. One inhabits the 
