174 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
The summer brood, or broods, of australis differ more or less 
markedly from the nymotypical spring form, according to localities : 
it varies in two directions, which stand nearly opposite to each other ; 
one culminates in marginata, Stdgr., with broad black marginal bands 
on the upperside and a blackish pattern contrasting sharply with very 
white spaces on the underside, the other varies in the direction of the 
lyllus typical summer form, being lightly coloured on both upper- and 
underside, and tending to a fulvous colouring on the latter; in both 
forms the ocelli are more conspicuous than in the spring brood and 
tend to appear on the upperside. The second form is the one which 
used to be called lyllus, and should be called aestivalis, Rocci. 
SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 
Birps anD BurrerFiies.—T wo wagtails have recently been disport- 
‘ing themselves on the green in front of my window and their sudden 
rushes after some items are very amusing. A larger prey than usual 
sometimes attracts a sparrow, and the wagtail generally flies off, 
leaving the game behind for his enemy. ‘To-day I turned out some 
Aglais urticae ; looking out some little time after I saw a wagtail had 
caught one, and some six or eight yards from the window was worry- 
ing it much as a thrush does a large worm, quite at variance with the 
usual wagtail procedure of a quick snap and away at once to the next 
capture, a procedure suitable to very small fry. Down came a sparrow, 
but the wagtail carried off the urticae ; the sparrow did not follow, but 
a little way off the wagtail continued for some minutes the worrying 
process, obviously to produce disintegration, getting rid of the wings 
being perhaps an important detail. The A. wrticae turned out were 
fairly strong on the wing, but one may have been less so, and there 
were occasional clouds, so the capture by the bird was probably of one 
resting on the ground and not in flight.—T. A. CHapman, Betula, 
Reigate. July 4th, 1916. 
Foop oF THE LaRvA OF DreLopoma HERMINIATA, Tutt.—In July, 
1918, Dr. Chapman kindly gave me a larva of this species. The fol- 
lowing day it eat out the body of a newly killed house-fly. During the 
following four weeks it demolished two more house flies and one 
Scoparia frequentella.—ALFRED SICH. 
YW OTES ON COLLECTING, Ete. 
Sar OF THE COLLECTIONS OF THE LATE CoLonEL Nrevitte Manners, 
F.E.S.—Less than a year ago we received a letter from the late Col. 
Neville Manders, and yet, on June 20th, his specimens (together with 
others) were displayed in the auction rooms. It was quite evident from 
the excellent condition and setting of the specimens—that the late 
owner took a delight in his favourite study, and the fact that these 
beautiful insects were about to be scattered before the war is over, 
struck one as very pathetic. There was a good attendance of purchasers 
actual and potential, but it was noticeable that the so-called ‘‘amateurs,” 
collectors or students, were in the minority. The “ dealers’’ were to 
the fore. During the last decade sales of insects have demonstrated 
the fact that the monetary value assigned to the average British and 
European species is not equal to the cost of the pins and the time 
