LEPIDOPTERA AT THE DARDANELLES. 9138 
Lepidoptera at the Dardanelles. 
By D. A. J. BUXTON. 
I was in Gallipoli last year from April 26th till October 23nd, except 
for a week on the neighbouring island of Imbros early in September. 
‘The material for the following paper is partly notes taken down jai the 
time, partly a few specimens I brought with me through the campaign 
or have had lent to me by a friend, all obtained in summer or autumn. 
The notes are, therefore, very incomplete. The areas I was in—Helles, 
Suvla, and Imbros—were very restricted, and for many reasons not 
ideal hunting grounds. Much of the land was quite devoid of scrub or 
any vegetation, which had been worn down by traffic or pulled up for 
fuel. The least frequented places were of course the best hunting 
erounds, but they were usually least frequented because they were 
specially dangerous. My dug-out in the Gully faced a lovely hillside 
covered with deep scented scrub and small pines, and swarming with 
warblers, turtle doves, and butterflies of all sorts; but it was also where 
spent Turkish bullets were continually coming to earth, not to speak 
of shrapnel occasionally, and I never found it worth while to stay up 
there long. Also I had no entomological apparatus—except my sun- 
helmet. Some species could easily be captured in this, but many re- 
quired to be knocked into the scrub before they were quiet enough to be 
taken, and this damaged them considerably. Finally, the first con- 
signment I sent home was lost in the post. 
The serub, where most of the lepidoptera occurred, was (especially 
at Suvla) very largely composed of a small evergreen oak with prickly 
leaves, much resembling a holly. There was also a good deal of Hrica 
and Cistus, and in some places Thymus and Arbutus. At Suvla and 
Imbros there were quite a lot of blackberry bushes. In my hunting 
erounds there were no trees except a few stunted pines. The weather 
was continually sunny, and many butterflies obviously found it too hot 
and kept in the shade. Till the middle of October I think it only 
rained three times, in April, May, and September. 
I have referred several times below to some notes by Commander 
J. J. Walker, on the butterflies he found on the neck of the Gallipoli 
peninsula (Bulair), in 1878, published in vol. xv. (1878-1879), Hint. Mo. 
Mag. 
Papilio machaon I only identified once. Icaught a specimen in the 
grass in Suvla plain, where there had been a certain amount of cultivas 
tion, early one morning in September. It is very like the British form, 
even slightly palerin ground colour. Black markings on forewings all 
rather reduced. The black discal mark on the hindwing is joined at 
each end to the jagged-edged black band on the outer margin, and the 
lunar yellow spots in that band are not marked with brick-red any- 
where (except of course near the tail). 
P. podalirius I saw twice at least (but failed to catch it), July 28th 
on W. Beach, and August 11th on Gully Beach. 
Pieris brassicae Was very common in the more open parts of the 
country. When seen flying across country in the heat of the day it 
would frequently make for solitary bushes and trees, and remain a few 
moments in their shade (e.g., July 25th). First brood going over April 
a 27th, second brood, May 23rd. May 31st (common), June 7th, 
etc 
Ocroser 15rxH, 1916. 
