228 THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD. 
supports the view that sex isa Mendelian unit character comparable im 
every way to a somatic character. 
“«(8.) All the genital and somatic peculiarities of the second group 
of gynandromorphs, are due to a mosaic arrangement of cells with 
nuclei of different chromosome content. This was due to a similar 
arrangement of the embryonic cells from which the different parts 
developed. 
‘“((9.) This arrangement of the embryonic cells is made possible by 
the syncytial nature of the ovum in its cleavage and preblastodermic 
stage, which allows nuclear migration to take place to any extent. In 
most cases little or no migration takes place, in others it is extreme. 
‘(10.) The fact that nuclear migration is usually slight accounts 
for the fact that gynandromorphs approaching the halved condition 
are much commoner than those examples which show a more or less 
fine mosaic of male and female characters on both sides. 
‘“‘(11.) In birds four halved gynandromorphs and one almost per- 
fectly halved are known. This is due to the fact that from each cell 
produced by the first cleavage one lateral half of the individual develops.. 
Nuclear migration is absent or very slight. 
«‘(12.) In insects trophic changes, heat and parasitism for example, 
may alter chromosome constitution of the cells in a postembryonic 
stage of development, and lead to the assumption of male secondary 
sexual characters in a female. This phenomenon is quite different. 
from the kind of gynandromorphism diseussed in this paper.” 
In addition to the numerous text figures there are four black and 
white plates containing more than two dozen figures of gynandro- 
morphs, all Lepidoptera, most of them hitherto neither described nor 
figured. There is also a useful Bibliography.—H.J.T. 
Tae Ants or THE NETHERLANDS AND THEIR Guusts.*—We have 
recently received this compact and interesting little book, which, 
though in Dutch, is written in such a manner that, with the help of 
the text figures, Latin names, etc., it is both easy to follow and to 
understand. 
The author divides the work into eleven chapters, as follows :— 
Chapter i. Is on Observation Nests and how to obtain the ants 
for them (pp. 7-15). 
Chapter ii. On Formica fusca, L., its habits, races, guests, etc. 
(pp. 15-39). 
Chapter iii. Lastus flavus, F., and account of Claviger testaceus and 
the guests of L. mivtus and L. wnbratus (pp. 40-59). 
Chapter iv. All about Lasius niger, L. (pp. 60-75). 
Chapter v. Lasius fuliginosus, Ltr. (pp. 76-82). 
Chapter vi. Hormica rufa, L. (pp. 88-99). 
Chapter vii. Formica sanguinea, Ltr., and an account of slave 
raids, Lomechusa strwmosa, etc. (pp. 99-111). 
Chapter viii. Polyeryus rufescens, Ltr. The Amazon Ant (pp. 112- 
116. 
Chapter ix. Myrmica rubra, L., dealing with the different races, 
or species, of Myrmica, and the beetles Atemeles, 
ete. (pp. 117-121). 
% De Nederlandsche Mieren en Haar Gasten, by Father H. Schmitz, 8.J. 
Maastricht, 1916 (pp. 146, text figures 56). 
