270 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
as I have had opportunity of observing it, I have had the pleasure 
of meeting Dr. Clay of Fovant, who informs me that Eugonia polychloros 
and Ruralis betulae are to be met with at their proper season in Sutton 
Row, that Pyramets cardui is frequent and fairly common in most 
years, and he has taken it in his own garden, that Urbicola comma is to 
be taken in a clearing of Grovely Wood near Dinton, that Pararge 
aegeria var. egerides is always to be taken in the woods near Dinton, 
and that Cupido minimus (alsus) is to be found regularly in early June 
at Bucksberry. He further showed me a lovely specimen of the male 
“ purple emperor,” Apatura tris, which he had caught some years ago 
at Dinton and in looking through his excellent collection of moths lL 
could see that the district is very rich in species. 
Dr. Clay also informed me that Melitaea aurinia used to be taken in 
this immediate neighbourhood and confirmed my suspicion that 
Melanargia galathea and Brenthis selene are absent from it. He told 
me that the district had been left almost unworked by naturalists in 
general, though in both his opinion and my own it is extremely rich 
in all branches of our natural fauna. [Every place I have mentioned 
is to be clearly found in the pocket touring map of Salisbury Plain 
District (scale two miles to an inch) from the ordnance survey by 
J. Bartholomew, the Geographical Institute, Edinburgh. |] 
Gynandromorphism in a Mongrel Brood of Lymantria dispar and 
its race var. japonica. (With plate.) 
By P. A. H. MUSCHAMP, F.E.S. 
(Concluded from page 105.) 
A very slight degree of gynandromorphism seems to be far more 
rare. What are a Lycaenid female that shows a little more of the 
male colouring than is usual, a beardless, woman-breasted, or a 
motherly-hearted man, a bearded woman, etc., if not cases of partial 
gynandromorphism ? The gynandromorphous tendency would seem 
to be inherited in some cases by the operation of positive, in others by 
that of negative cellular quantities. When a female butterfly assumes 
a male garb, or a partial male garb, the operation would appear to be 
& positive one, whereas in the case of the moths before me I should 
say that the operation is a negative one. I mean to say that it is not 
so much that the female characteristics that have been adopted, were 
received in excess as that certain inherited male characteristics are 
wanting.* Thisis not in contradiction with Dr. Schweitzer’s formule, 
but rather bears them out. According to Goldschmidt’s theory the 
normal male is liable to inherit all the characteristics of the male 
parent plus all those of the female that may be called positive, when 
the negative male characteristics are developed in the egg the result 
will be a normal female. Var. japonica is a moth possessing in both 
sexes the male characteristics more richly developed than in the type. 
We have therefore a very dark moth, the female adopting an almost 
* The white-winged examples that are white to the marginal border do not gene- 
rally possess the characteristic black moons that rise from the wing margin and 
interrupt the fringe in both typical dispar and var. japonica (save certain japonica in 
which the ground colour is so dark that these marks become invisible) all the other 
transverse forewing markings are there. This is why the examples with four 
white wings at first glance seem rather to be atavic than gynandromorphous forms. 
