NOTES ON ORTHOPTERA IN THE SIAMESE MALAY STATES. 95 



about the middle of Jvily. S. cordula : common everywhere through- 

 out July. S. actaea : later than the preceding species and much rarer. 

 Epinephele lycaon : fairly common in the gorges ; females not before 

 July 28th. Miss Fountaine also remarks that though she tramped the 

 Dourbes for twelve hours on July 23rd she was unable to discover 

 Erebia scipio, though tAVO days earlier two specimens were secured by a 

 local entomologist, who said it had become much scarcer than it used 

 to be. 



Notes on Orthoptera in the Siamese Malay States. 



By N. ANNANDALE, B.A. 

 (Concluded from p. 77.) 



Among the dry stubble of the rice-swamps in the Siamese States, 

 a large green and yellow Acridvun is common, passing in Jalor and 

 Rhaman under the name of " Pig Belalang." At first I was puzzled 

 by what appeared to be a huge pink grasshopper, which was always 

 found in company with this species, and Avhich was never seen except 

 on the wing. In reality the two forms were one ; the wings of the 

 Acridium are shaded with pink at their base, and when they are in rapid 

 motion this colour seems to suffuse itself over the whole body, so that it 

 alone appears when the insect is flying. The small Eumastacidae which are 

 found among the ' ' lalang ' ' in Kelantan, are even more brilliantly coloured, 

 some of them bearing no small likeness to wasps or scorpion-flies, with 

 their contrasts of black and yellow, and their peculiarly shaped wings. 

 Others, which are found leaping on the jungle floor, are hidden among 

 the dead leaves by their mottled brown coloration. But one of the 

 best concealed of all the Acyidiodea is a Tettigid, that is common on 

 logs of wood floating in the Kelantan river. Its immensely extended 

 pronotum completely covers the wings when they are not in use, and, 

 being coloured of a dark green, speckled Avith black, exactly harmonises 

 Avith the damp bark on the logs. This insect has three manners of 

 escape when disturbed ; it may dive into the Avater, as it often does ; 

 it may take to flight ; or if the log is near the bank, it may leap 

 ashore. It is not able to stay beloAV the surface for so long a period 

 as the cockroach found in the same position ; but its flight, though 

 never prolonged, is very SAvift for that of an Orthopteron, someAA'hat 

 resembling the flight of a large fly, and its saltatory poAvers have not 

 been diminished by its curious manner of life. 



The small Locustodea that are found in the clearings call for no 

 special comment from me. Their habits cannot be uninteresting, but 

 they are not to be obserA^ed on such a hasty expedition as ours. The 

 larger, jungle-haunting members of the family, though most of them 

 are rare, are so conspicuous that they force themselves upon one's 

 notice. Once I remember coming across four females of one 

 of the largest and most beautiful of the Malay Pseudophyllidae — a 

 magnificent pale yelloAV-green form, nearly six inches in length, whose 

 tegmina Avere spotted Avith " eyes " of two shades of blue, whose legs 

 Avere plum-coloured, and Avhose cheeks Avere painted with the same 

 bright shade — seated together on a single bush in very deep jungle. On 

 our approach, they all flcAV oft', each in a difterent direction ; and three 

 of them escaped. Their first flight Avas Ioav and feeble, but each time 

 that they alighted, they seemed to gain fresh strength from the 



