PHORODKSJrA SMARAfTDARTA, FARRTCItJS. 171 



Pupa. — (Described fi'om an empty shell.) Surface dead, rugose, 

 shagreened or spiny, the dorsal area of the hinder abdominal segments 

 being covered with flattened spines pointing towards the anus. On 

 the dorsal area of the anterior abdominal segments, the surface is 

 shagreened, while on the head, prothorax, wing-cases, &c., the surface 

 is rugose to a greater or less extent. The spiracles are very large and 

 prominent — ^immediately in front of the spiracles on the 2nd, 3rd and 

 4th abdominal segments are the scars of a large larval tubercle giving 

 rise to a large flattened and twisted hair, more developed in the 

 specimen iinder examination on the 2nd and 4th abdominal segments. 

 Probably these are the scars or rudiments of the specialised larval 

 tubercles connected with the coat. Dorsal tubercles i and ii are present 

 on 1st to 4th abdominal segments, i bearing a fairly long hair. Of 

 the wings a small corner of the secondaries shows, near the junction 

 of the primaries with the mesothorax, and a narrow slip also shows, on 

 the 3rd and 4th abdominal segments, extending just beyond the 

 primaries. The dorsal area of the anal segment is prolonged beyond the 

 anus, and flattened (not unlike the pupa of Papilio iiiachaon) and bears a 

 small group of longish spines ending in spirally curved hooks. These 

 have a quantity of silk entangled in them. The pupa is pale grey in 

 tint, mottled, lined and dotted with dark umber-brown. The spiracles 

 and dorsal tubercles show up as black spots. A diffused double medio- 

 dorsal band is present on the anterior abdominal segments, and the wing 

 nervures are strongly outlined in dark umber, almost black. The wing- 

 cases extend to the end of the 4th abdominal segment, the tips of the 

 third pair of legs to the end of the fifth ; the abdominal segments 5-6 

 are telescoped to such an extent that the spiracles thereupon are hardly 

 visible. 



In dehiscence the mesothorax splits along the central (median) 

 suture. The prothorax or dorsal head-piece does the same, and also 

 divides from the mesothorax and ventral head-pieces. The ventral head- 

 or face-pieces, eyes, legs and antenna-cases, form a single shield. 



Description of Plate VII. 

 Fig. I. The egg: a. Side view. h. Edge. c. Apex. d. Markings more highly 



magnified. 

 Fig. II. The lakva : First skin unclothed. 

 Fig. III. Larval hairs : a. The 1st abdominal segment, h. Part of the same 



more highly magnified, showing the "turf cutter and trumpet 



hairs." c. A hair from front of prothorax. </. A trumpet hair. 

 Fig. IV. Larva just before hybernation unclothed, a. The special tubercle. 



I). Discs and long hairs on lower part of some segments. 

 Fig. V. Larva same stage — clothed, a. The special tubercle enlarged, b. Discs 



and hairs enlarged. 



The food = plants of Phorodesma smaragdaria, Fab. 



By Rev. C. E. N. BURROWS. 



Since completing my paper on this species, I have been trying- 

 experiments Avith a view to clearing up in some measure the contradic- 

 tions between the observations of English and continental entomologists 

 as to the food-plants. My remarks apply, of course, to the larva:; in a 

 state of confinement. 



On May 8th I isolated eight larv<e, giving them Artenii.-^ia ralyaria 

 and Achillea millefolinm only. The latter plant it will be remembered is 

 that given by Herr V. Muhlig and G. Koch, as the food of the Frankfort- 

 on-the-Main larvte. On May 10th Artemnia riihjarh was removed, 



