THE SEPARATION OF THE PAPILIONIDES FROM OTHER BUTTERFLIES. 203 



the anteniiiB, simple median, and a spur length of -69. Their appear- 

 ance is remarkable, they have not the brownish -yellow of M.aiihflavella, 

 but a dark leaden or dove colour, with a smooth velvety texture or 

 surface, and very notable white cilia. The specimens are marked "B." 

 I would name them cilidla. 



The affinis taken by Kebel in Dalmatia, are dark, have only 22 

 joints to the antenna', these are certainly not identical with the ill. 

 affinis with 24 antennal joints, but may be a local race or variety. 

 Amongst them are one or two Avith pale cilia, and the velvety appear- 

 ance and dove colour of cilidla, these are, however, large, being 15mm. 

 in expanse. 



There is also a pretty little series named Bruandia reticulatella 

 taken by Rebel, in Dalmatia. They are not very recent specimens, 

 but are very fresh as regards the blackness of their colouring. 

 M. Constant had not a typical B. reticulatella with which to 

 compare them. They are distinctly smaller than the type, viz., 12mm., 

 and the reticulations are very marked and distinct, but somewhat 

 obscured towards the base in some specimens. I could not very 

 easily make out the divided median. The colour of the wings is a very 

 dark smoky, almost black, dull and unpolished. The tibial spur is -61 

 and '60 in two different specimens. This is long for D. reticulatella. I 

 have, however, measured a B. var. ohscurella as -59. I do not see sufficient 

 ground for separating these from B. reticulatella, but they have a very 

 different facies from B. var. obscurella, and it is hard to believe they are 

 the same species; nevertheless, I am equally unable to say that B. var. 

 obscurella, is more than a variety of B. reticulatella. The J has 11 to 

 13 antennal joints (coiinting difficult), 5-jointed tarsi, more hair on the 

 sides and dorsum than F. casta var. nitidella. The case varies in size 

 and materials, and is like that of a short thick F . casta. 



Is the separation of the Papilionides from other butterflies 

 warranted ? 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 

 We have just received, thanks to the author, another of Pro- 

 fessor Grote's papers on the classification of the butterflies, en- 

 titled Phi/lof/euie and Ber/renzunr/ der Tar/falter- Farnilien. It 

 is now well known that the author divides the butterflies into 

 two superfamilies — Papilionides (consisting only of the Papilioni- 

 dae, Teinopalpidae and Parnasiidae) and Hesperiades (including all 

 other butterflies, the Metjathjmidae, Hesperiadae, Lijcaenidae, Nemeo- 

 hiidae, Libythcidae, Ni/mphalidae, Pseudopontiadae, Dismorphiadae, 

 Pierididae). The great peculiarity by which the Papilionides differ 

 from all the other butterflies is in the anal nervure of the forewing, 

 which, in this superfamily, reaches the inner margin, whilst in the 

 Hesperiades [i.e., all other butterflies) it is either bent up towards the 

 anal nervure, or is absent. In this latest work by Professor Grote the 

 anal nervure is called Ao, whilst the supplementary anal nervure (that 

 on which so much stress is laid) is called A^ in the Papilionides, and 

 Ag in the other butterflies. Now we wish to suggest that this naming 

 involves a false proposition, and that A^ and A3 are homologous, in 

 other words, that A^^Aj. Dr. Chapman informs us that a study of 

 the development of this nervure in the Papilionid and Pierid pupas 



