284 THE entomologist's recobd. 



shoiild be in swarms, such as Noctua dahlii, and, indeed, it is rather 

 more surprising that amongst so few insects I was able to get fine 

 series of N. depuncta and Euperia j^aZeacea, both of course new 

 acquaintances to me. A very few Aplecta occulta turned up, but I 

 failed to obtain ova. As for Triphaena orbona {suhsequa), a species 

 which is always associated with the name of Forres, I did not take one, 

 and had it not been for a visit to the sandhills at Findhorn, where one 

 was disturbed by day, I should have returned home without a single 

 example of that species. This visit to Findhorn also added a few other 

 new species to my Scotch list, namely, Atjrotis simulans (which we had 

 vainly sought in Aberdeenshire), A. cursoria, some nice forms, and 

 Dasydia obfuscata, one female. The form of Melanippe (jaliata in this 

 locality, with its ochreous-tinted ground colour, pleased me greatly, 

 and I was careful to obtain a batch of eggs. I am inclined to think that 

 this pretty moth is second only (among the Geometers) to a few of the 

 Boarmiids (e.g., Gnoplios o6sc«?'ata and perhaps Boarmia repandata, &c.), 

 and to Cidaria immanata, in its tendency to geographical variation, and 

 that most of our collections hitherto have done it less than justice. 



My stay at Forres was limited to 13 days, and on Friday, August 

 24th, I was obliged to take my leave of Scotch collecting, but as I 

 reckoned that I had made acquaintance with more than 20 species 

 which I had never before seen in their natural habitat, besides many 

 interesting local varieties and aberrations, I felt that I had good reason 

 to be satisfied with my holiday, and I promised myself that it should 

 not be many years ere I again selected " bonnie Scotland" for an 

 entomological campaign. 



The pupa of Libythea celtis. 



By T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



I have wished to obtain this pupa for a long time, but always without 

 success. Why it should have been so difficult to obtain I do not know, 

 as it is now supplied to me at a cost of 3d. each. The pupa is an 

 interesting one as not being precisely similar to any other pupa I have 

 seen. It is described as green, these I have are slaty-grey as a general 

 effect, but variously coloured and marked. The effect is as of a pale 

 dull flesh-colour with darker markings, the whole overlaid with a 

 " bloom." This appears not, however, to be so, as the " bloom " does 

 not rub off. Some figures show it as a long straight pupa, something 

 like a green Pier is napi pupa, hung up by the tail. 



The actual pupais short and stumpy, reminding one of that of Pararge 

 egeria as to proportions. Edwards' figure and description of the pupa 

 of Libijthea bachmanni would not be far out for that of L. celtis. The 

 figure of that species given by Scudder brings out well the perhaps 

 most characteristic point in the pupal structure, viz., the projection of 

 the 2nd abdominal segment dorsally with the ridges running from it. 

 The pupa is clearly and simply a Nymphalid, with no Lycaenid (or 

 Erycinid) tendency whatever, and no more Pierid character than any 

 other Nymphalid has. 



In my paper on pupae of butterflies, read at the City of London 

 Entomological Society in 1894, and published in the Ent. Record, I 

 was misled by published descriptions and figures into considering that 

 L. celtis had certain Pierid characters, and especially that it had a single 



