32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S BECORD. 



scaling of the hindwings covers everything except the disc. The 

 fringes (<? and J ) are very indistinctly chequered. The var. hypo- 

 leuca, Kollar, described from S.W. Persia is, as one would expect, 

 entirely different ; this race appears to be widely distributed in the 

 Middle East ; the underside is marked by the smallness or obsoles- 

 cence of all the spots. I always found C argiolus among thick trees 

 or thick bushes. It was generally found in very shady places, so dense 

 with trees that one could barely move, flying low and visiting the 

 flowers of Stochys. I never saw it flying high as it does in England, 

 or visiting holly bushes, which were common. 



Polyoiiunatus icarus, Rott. — April 20th-24th, June 8th-30th, 

 Enzeli. These specimens resemble P. icarus, from Britain, except in 

 the ground colour of the underside of the males, which is very nearly 

 white in most specimens, and in the post-discal spots of both wings, 

 which are very large in both sexes. The upperside of the females is 

 on the average very blue. The race generally known as " persica r 

 Bienert," is that of the Persian plateau ; Tutt has shown that 

 Bienert's name persica can only apply to a rare aberration, which is 

 of no geographical significance, and it appears that the plateau race 

 referred to as persica, Bien., by many authors from Butler to Le Cerf 

 should be called fugitiva, Butler ; a number of races have been 

 described from Chitral, Yarkand, etc., and the synonymy will be 

 uncertain till much more material is forthcoming from Middle Asia. 

 For our purpose it suffices that the race from the Caspian forests is 

 very close to the typical icarus, while that from the bare plateau is, at 

 any rate, fairly similar to the races of other high-lying, barren parts 

 of Western and Central Asia. 



Augiades sylvanus, Esp., var. hyrcanus, Christoph. — June 20th-30th, 

 J 1 5 , Enzeli. In these two specimens the extent of the dark hind- 

 margins of the wings is slightly less than in Christoph's types (Elwes 

 coll.) in the British Museum, but they are much closer to those 

 specimens than to any others. The $ type is labelled "7.8. 73, 

 Asterabad," the $ "Asterabad." Christoph gives "Lenkoran, 

 Astrabad," as the typical localities. Le Cerf erroneously says 

 " Demavend, loc. orig." So far as we know then, this well-marked 

 race is peculiar to the great forest, and is found from end to end of it. 



References. 



Menetries, E. (1832), " Catalogue raisonne des objects de zoologie." 

 Christoph, H. (1893), " Lepidoptera nova faunae Palearctica?." Iris,. 



vi.. 86 96. 

 Tutt, J. W. (1910-14), Nat. Hist. Bri. Butts., iv. 

 Le Cerf, F. (1913), " Contribution a la Faune lepidopterologique de la 



Perse." Delegation en Perse ; Annate* d'Histoire Natiirelle. 



Tome II. Fascic. 2. (Pub. Leroux, Paris.) 

 Buxton, P. A. (1920), " Palatability of Vanessid larvas." Ent. Rec. r 



xxxii., p. 59. 



igCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 



Ovum and first cask of Coi.kophora ibipennklla, Stt. — The 

 species here in question is certainly Stainton's ibip&nnella, a birch 

 feeder, but I do not believe that it is the ibipemiella. of Zeller, which is 



