42 the entomologist's becord. 



public execution of the leaders of the last batch of brigands who, though 

 Greeks, were yet hanged as high as Haman by the orders of the hard 

 handed Cretan who rules Smyrna to-day for Greece. They had 

 murdered some 15 people, Greeks and Turks, in their long career, and 

 no one sympathised with them, 



The general impression I had from two afternoons' collecting and 

 an hour's pottering about with a net near Buja, was that the country, 

 where not too well cultivated, was fairly prolific in butterflies, but that, 

 as in Attica, which it to some extent resembled in its flora, though it 

 was less dried up, the number of species on the lower ground was 

 more limited than is the case in moister and later Constantinople. 

 The season seemed to be nearly a month earlier than on the Bosphorus. 

 Thus Aporia crataegi, which near the Bosphorus does not emerge till 

 late in May, was well out on April 21st near Cordelio. Males of 

 Leptosia duponcheli were very worn fcr the most part on the Burnabat- 

 Manissa road on April 23rd. I found them fresh at Dil Iskelessi, one 

 of the hottest localities in the Constantinople region, on May 2nd, 

 1914. The " whites" were all but over and Rumicia phlaeas likewise. 

 Thais cerisyi gave me a disappointment. I expected to find it fresh 

 and frequent. The only specimen I caught was worn. I saw a very 

 few others, mostly worn from the look of them, in places where I could 

 not catch them. 



At Cordelio, or rather about 500 feet above it on a stony plateau, 

 I found Hallia marloyi frequent on April 21st. It is very hard to 

 catch and easily injured in tbe catching. Its habits were of interest. 

 It generally selected the tops of boulders to rest upon and was not 

 easily seen there. Pairs of this insect, male and female I imagine, 

 though I could not actually prove this by capturing both at a time, 

 flew about at a height of from 2 to 3 feet above the ground with 

 a curious buzzing flight such as is noticed with other " skippers," one 

 individual, perhaps the male, keeping about 6 inches immediately 

 behind his companion. Then suddenly, for no apparent reason at 

 times, at other times when disturbed, the leading insect of the pair 

 would shoot up about ten feet in the air and turn in its flight so rapidly 

 that one was left with the impression that it had "looped the loop," 

 and the second insect would follow its course and imitate its action. 

 both, after " towering " in this fashion, making off at great speed. 



The pass on the well-kept carriage road between Burnabat and 

 Manissa struck me as being good collecting ground as did the country 

 about 5 miles further inland also on the line of this road. But on the 

 occasion of my visit there was a good deal of cloud and my time was 

 limited. Hesperia malvae, a fresh female, was an interesting capture 

 here. I had no time to go high into the mountains near Smyrna, 

 Tahtali Dagh, Nif Dagh, etc. These might have proved productive 

 even so early in the year. 



The following species were either captured or certainly recognised 

 between April 19th and April 23rd. 



Hallia marloyi. — Frequent above Cordelio on April 21st. Three 

 seen, two taken, between Burnabat and Manissa, April 23rd. 



Erynnis alceae. — A few worn specimens noted. 



E. orientalis. — Two fresh males, not differing from the Constanti- 

 nople form, at Cordelio and on the Manissa Burnabat road respectively, 

 April 21st and April 28rd. 



