74 the entomologist's record. 



H. semele, L., race teres, Fruhst. — One male. 



H. briseis, L., race deminuta, Fruhst. — One male. 



L. rivularis, Scop., race rivularis, III. gen. prodiya, Fruhsfc. — -A 

 few specimens. 



M. phoebe, Knoch., race pauper, Vrty., II. gen. pauper. — -Absent, 

 whilst in 1917 it had been very abundant. 



M. didyma, Esp., race protea, Vrty., II. gen. cold aria, Vrty. — 

 Frequent. 



Brenthis dia, L., race laetior, Vrty., III. gen. flavens, Vrty. — - 

 Frequent. 



D. paphia, L., race maynilica, Vrty. — Absent. 



It is to be noted that in this second period of emergence in the 

 neighbourhood of Florence there was a delay of a month in the 

 renewal of the development of Lepidoptera compared with the normal 

 epoch, as well as an absence of the commonest and most diffused 

 species. Only P. icarus and A. thersites emerged in greater number 

 than in the preceding years. 



In the first fifteen days of October there was a period of rains, but 

 .on the 14th, 15th, and 16th the fine weather returned and we 

 collected : — 



H. armoricanus, L., race fulooinspersa, Vrty., II. gen. fulvoinspersa. — 

 A few specimens. 



R. phlaeas, L., race niyrioreleus, Vrty., IV. extraord. gen. initia- 

 caudata, Tutt. — Several specimens. 



A. thersites (Cant.) Chapman, race meridiana, Vrty. — Extremely 

 small "tardy " individuals of the second gen. meridiana, Vrty. 



A. thetis, Rott., race etrusca, Vrty. — " Precocious " autumnal 

 individuals of the I. gen. maja, Vrty. 



P. icarus, Kott., race zelleri, Vrty., II. gen. aestivalis, Tutt. — Small 

 individuals. 



C. hyale, L., race calida, Vrty.— " Precocious " autumnal individuals 

 of the I. gen. verualis, Vrty. 



C. cruceus, Fourcr., race eroceus. — " Precocious " autumnal indi- 

 viduals of the I. gen. rernalis, Vrty. 



P. vianni (Mayer) Trti., race rossii, Stef. — "Precocious" autumnal 

 individuals of the I. gen. far pa, Fruhst. 



The weather was once more fine from November 11th to 15th, 

 but no Lepidoptera in perfect condition were found in the country, now . 

 covered with dried leaves fallen from the trees. Our collecting for 

 1920 was at an end. 



I have collected Lepidoptera for many years in Italy, but I do not 

 remember another year so adverse to the development of insects. Not 

 only Lepidoptera were scarce, but also ants, dragon-flies and 

 Coleoptera. The crickets were not so abundant as usual. Only the 

 Diptera appeared in considerable quantity, and we collected many 

 species in Florence, in Calabria, in Garfagnana, and especially in the 

 Valley of Camaione. The Diptera were wanting on the Sibillini 

 mountains, so that Dr. Romei only brought back about 40 specimens, 

 chiefly 1'abanidae. 



A similar season occurred in 1890, and I remember that in the 

 month of June I made long excursions in the Roman Campagna and 

 in the Alban hills near Rome without seeing an insect except swarms 

 of crickets. In 1909 we collected every day in the Aurunci mountains 



