STUDY OF VARIATION IN THE RACES OF ZYGAENA FILIPENDULAK, L. Ill 



with for want of information, all I read about them being very vague 

 and confused. Spain I must also leave to future investigation, 

 because for the present I have found no evidence of the existence of 

 iilipendulae there at all. Race seeboldi, Obtb., which I have seen, as 

 already stated, I refer to lonicerae* Oberthiir's description of kinder* 

 mannii, Boisd., from Barcelona, suggests to me another darker race of 

 the same species. BurgefFs (Mitteil. Miinchner Ent. Ges., 1914, p. 61, 

 pi. III.) gemina from Sierra Segura, collected by Korb, may be a 

 constantly five-spotted stoecliadis, with a narrow marginal border to 

 hindwing, but even its author's declaration "that the genitalia easily 

 distinguish it from lonicerae " does not quite satisfy me. Turning to 

 the Eastern Mediterranean region, we find two races have been 

 described : syriaca, Obth., which does not seem specifically distinct 

 from stoechadis, and hadjina, Stdgr., from the Taurus Mts. The 

 original description of the latter is the following : " Like- dubia, but 

 with spots 8 and 4, 5 and 6 of forewings further apart." This 

 distinctly points to a marked form of ochsenheimeri, and Seitz's figure 

 mentioned above cannot be correct, as it represents a female with 

 those spots so large as to be quite close to each other and the two last 

 quite confluent. It may belong to a high-mountain race, collected at 

 a greater altitude than Staudinger's types and standing to hadjina 

 as calabra, Vrty., stands to ochsenheimeri, 0., in Calabria, or else the 

 female of hadjina may be dimorphic, like the Italian ochsenheimeri is 

 in some localities, and this is an individual standing opposite to the 

 nymotypical form. 



Group of races constantly six-spotted on foreWing, 

 with a broad red suffusion on underside and with very 

 narrow or narrow marginal band on hindwing (tenuissime- 

 limbata to latelimbata), but with no other primary pattern: — 



Race siciliensis, Vrty. (Ball. Soc. Ent. France, 1917, p. 222). 

 This is the less variable of the races of stoechadis, for all the individuals 

 of both sexes are most filipendulae-like ; so much so, that in my 

 original description I actually said it was difficult to decide which of 

 the two it should be grouped with. More material and more experience 

 show me now that I was right in considering it a stoechadis ; the larva 

 is identical with that of stoechadis, ochsenheimeri and calabra and they 

 all exactly correspond to Spuler's fig. 25a on pi. ix. of Die Raupen der 

 Schm. Ear. ; in the imago the structure of the body, antennae and 

 wings and the markings of the forewing above are quite as in those 

 ochsenheimeri individuals which have the red more extensive ; the 

 female in these respects quite belongs to the characteristic ochsenheimeri 

 and so little does it tend to vary in the pulcherrima direction that one 

 specimen of pulcherrinl,aeformis, found by the Quercis amongst 

 hundreds examined, stands out prominently in my series, as if it had 

 got mixed in it by mistake. What instead strongly recalls ■pulcherrima 

 constantly is the extremely narrow dark margin of the hindwings very 

 often of uniform breadth even in the male and the dense and extensive 

 red suffusion of the underside of forewings in both sexes. Never are 

 these characters found to such an extent in any male ochsenheimeri', in 

 the female they are found in form piilcherrimaeform.is, but never 

 associated, as in siciliensis, with the typical ochsenheimeri characters. 

 My "types" are from the hills of the neighbourhood of Palermo. 



