126 the entomologist's kecord. 



are more like those of ochsenheimeri with comparatively broad marginal 

 band than like the average ; 50% of the males and 75% of the females 

 exhibit the broad band, characteristic also of duponcheli and pyrenes, 

 and the remaining 30% and 20% of the sexes have the very broad band 

 characteristic of the next group of races. For the present 1 have only 

 seen series of etrusca sufficiently extensive to make sure of the race 

 from the neighbourhood of Florence, but specimens from Siena 

 suggest the same one and it presumably extends to all the lower 

 localities of the hinterland. Southwardly it must somewhere transform 

 itself into the ochsenheimeri or campaniae of the Eoman Campania, but 

 the Lepidoptera of the south of Tuscany are not known. Towards the 

 west, along the coast, the moisture of the sea-air, which produces 

 darker races in most Lepidoptera, also influences stoechadis, and one 

 finds a race evidently pointing to the Ligurian gigantea, Rocci. I 

 have collected it at Antignano, near Leghorn, and during many years 

 in the pine woods of the Forte dei Marmi, near Viareggio. It is one 

 of the intermediate races to which I should give a special name, 

 because it has constant features and it does not produce individuals 

 identical with kindred races : — 



Race oraria, mihi. By its large size and heavy build, particularly 

 noticeable in the female, it is intermediate between etrusca and 

 gigantea; the tinge of dark markings approaches the latter by its 

 blackish indigo hue, deep and dull ; it thus differs strikingly from the 

 blue indigo of medicaginis from the mountains and it also lacks their 

 gloss ; the statistical table shows that the six-spotted form is reduced 

 to 10% of the males and 15% of the females, being much scarcer than 

 in the mountain iifedicaghiis; the extent of dark markings on hindwing 

 approaches distinctly that of medicaginis, the ochsenheimeri narrow 

 band not occurring in either sex and the very broad one being about 

 as frequent as in etrusca in the male, but five times more so in the 

 female, so that on the whole this sex belongs to nearly the same grade 

 as the. other and sexual dimorphism is nearly abolished in respect of 

 this character. Forms pointing to zonata occur amongst the females, 

 showing tendency to vary in the direction of gigantea, as will be seen 

 later. It is interesting to note how much scarcer the six-spotted form 

 is here, than is the case in those mountain races which have about the 

 same grade of development of the primary pattern on hindwing. By 

 the former character this race would belong to the following group of 

 races ; by the latter it can only stand here, being distinctly lesser than 

 in medicaginis, especially in the male. 



Group of races very predominantly five-spotted on 

 forewing, with no red suffusion on underside and with 

 'very broad marginal band {latissimslimbata) and usually an 

 extensive primary pattern on hindwing: — 



Race medicaginis, Hiibner (Samml. Eur. Schmett., PI. Lep. II., 

 Sphinges I., fig. 20 [1796]). Lhave already quoted and discussed the 

 original figure and description and said that also Boisduval's medica- 

 ginis corresponds to them very well, so that, to my mind, Staudinger's 

 dubia is but a synonym of this name. Hiibner's locality is: 

 "Piedmont." I think there can be no doubt that the name should be 

 applied to those races of that region in which the predominating form 

 can be described as having the marginal band of hindwing so broad as 

 to reach, or just fall short of reaching, the end of the cell and the 



