THE WHITE BORDER OF EUVANESSA ANTIOPA, L. 209 



Temperature experiments have not produced white bordered 

 specimens, so that I am inclined to think it is hereditary. In 

 conclusion I should like to thank Lord Rothschild, Messrs. Durrant, 

 Eiley and Talbot, and Dr. Nash for their kindness in helping me 

 so readily. 



Since I wrote my article Professor Poulton has allowed me to 

 examine the antiopa in the Hope Collection. There are 24 British 

 specimens of which nine are from the Dale Collection. Nineteen 

 have defective scales in the border, and six have defective blue scales. 

 One from Latham taken near London about 1793 has the upper 

 scales of the costa and border thin and rolled to a point, and 

 some of the blue scales near the apices of the forewings pale 

 and rolled up. One with the border nearly white, labelled 

 "Turkman's Sale 1847," has the upper scales so tightly rolled 

 as to resemble hairs ; and some of the under scales have their 

 edges curled up and many of the blue scales also. Turkman's other 

 specimen, 1847, has the border cream coloured and the scales normal. 

 Of the remaining fifteen all except four have some defect of tbe upper 

 scales of the costa and border ; two of these labelled " Hope " have 

 the under scales transparent and curled at the edges. Two taken by 

 tbe Misses Lowe in August and September, 1872, both in good 

 condition, show the defective upper scales very clearly. 



Another in fair condition with very pale border, labelled " August 

 29th, 1900, nr. Dunmow, Bigods, Meldola Coll.," shows extreme 

 transparency and rolling up of the upper scales. 



A hybernated specimen from Mapledurham, and one labelled 

 " H. S. Sellon Coll., Worthing, 1879," has abnormal blue scales in 

 addition to the thin, tightly rolled upper scales of the border. Of 

 the Continental specimens a very worn one from Lapland has the few 

 remaining upper scales thin and rolled up and the under scales flat 

 and transparent. The blue scales on the forewings are thin and 

 rolled up, and many of those on the hindwings are curled or bent over. 

 A female in very good condition labelled " N.W. Finland between 

 Muonio and Kittila, 17. viii. 97, H. C. Playne and A. F. R. Wollaston," 

 has all the upper scales in the pale cream border rolled up very 

 uniformly, but the blue scales are flat. A specimen with a slightly 

 darker border from the same locality has all the scales normal. A 

 worn female from " Hyeres, S. France, 19. iii. 98," with a pale 

 border, has the upper scales thin and rolled up, and the blue scales 

 nearly all curled up at the edges, and a worn female from Courmayeur, 

 Savoy, 6500 feet, has extremely defective upper scales in the pale 

 border and curling of the blue scales. 



'Dr. Staudinger has sent me a pale bordered antiopa in very good 

 condition from " Kentei, Trans-Baikal Province, Siberia," in which 

 the upper scales of the border and costa are transparent and tightly 

 rolled up and some of the blue scales rolled up too. In the British 

 Museum are two specimens with the upper scales so thin and tightly 

 rolled that they look like hairs, and all the blue scales also are very 

 thin and rolled up to a point. One is from Bhotan, the other was 

 taken by Lord Walsingham at Camp 44, California, Western United 

 States of America. 



The presence of the same scale defect in these British antiopa from 



