le 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 



Each of these seems to be a pillar of transparent material expanded at 

 top into a flat plate. This differs much, if not in essential structure, 

 certainly in appearance, from that of C.phlaeas, in which each spiracle 

 has an outer projecting mass, of a chevaux de frise character, looking as 

 though the pillars (in C. dispar) did not end within the spiracle, but, 

 bending, emerged from the middle of the spiracle, and then bending 

 outwards in rounded batons closely set together, of a length rather 

 greater than half the width of the spiracle, formed a sort of outer 

 basket-shaped structure, but of such transparent materials that it is 

 difficult to decide whether it does consist of a number of separate 

 batons, or whether the lines are only grooves on a continuous structure. 



The pupae of ('. dispar and of C. phlaeas present certain spiculated 

 areas that very strongly suggest the spicule on the Nepticulid pupa 

 and those of other lower micro-lepidoptera, which are the forerunners 

 and primary forms of the rows of spines so well-developed on the pupge 

 of Tortricids and various other of the higher micro-lepidoptera. 



They agree with these micro-spiculae in their distribution and in 

 their attitude, i.e., directed backwards (not dorsally but terminally). 

 They are very small, but are more or less similarly arranged in rows. 

 On the forward abdominal segments they are dorsal only. On the 7th and 

 8th they are also lateral, and on the 9th and 10th they occur ventrally and 

 over wider areas. In both species they occur as an anterior band along 

 the anterior borders of the segments, and a posterior close to the hind 

 margin. The anterior row occurs in C phlaeas on all segments 2-9, 

 the posterior on 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8. The posterior row on 2nd 

 abdominal segment is quite forward of the posterior margin, without 

 being quite in the middle the segment. This is also the case in C. 

 dispar, in which the anterior row exists on 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9, and the 

 posterior on 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. 



Plate i., fig. 2, represents a portion of the cremaster of C. dispar. 

 The cremaster consists of a very large number of hairs about 0"14mm. 

 long, with a double anchor-like hook, or pair of hooks, at the free end. 

 Just above these, on the right, is seen an area of skin-points, which 

 are very similar to, and continuous in distribution with, those already 

 referred to as forming the micro-like rows. 



These rows of spicules have no apparent relation with any larval 

 structures ; the full-grown larva of C. phlaeas has spiculated hairs, but 

 no skin-points, the skin surface being divided into a mesh of hexagonal 

 cells by a fine network of lines. It seems difficult to avoid looking for 

 some relationship with some micro-ancestor to account for them, and 

 yet it is almost more difficult to explain their survival, since they must 

 have been useless for their original functions for many ages. It is, 

 however, no easier to suggest any other origin for them, or to imagine 

 what useful functions they can now perform. To return to the 

 cremastral area and its hooks, I find it impossible to satisfy myself as 

 to the limits of the 9th and 10th abdominal segments. On the ventral 

 line, the 7th segment is clear enough, but the 8th is so contracted and 

 fused with the 9th, that even its limits are doubtful. Except on the 

 ventral line, the posterior margin of the 8th is definite enough. 

 Within the circle it encloses, to take the specimen of C. dispar before us, 

 and specimens of C'. phlaeas agree with it, we find first in the dorsal 

 half, an area much like the rest of the pupa, with buttons, ribs, and 

 trumpet-hairs, but with a small central area smooth, except for some 



