THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE CENTEAL SPANISH SIERRAS. 59 



and, grandest of all the genus, Dryas pandora, clad in its exquisite 

 livery of claret colour, green, and silver ; A. niobe var. eris had 

 evidently been common, but was getting passe ; Dryas paphia var. 

 immaculata was settled on the thistles also — odd specimens. The 

 brilliant Vanessids, too, helped to make the picture ; Vanessa io, 

 Pyrameis cardiii and P. atalanta were all abundant. Along the slopes 

 grew a plant of the composite order, and on its golden flowers, the 

 brilliant Spanish form of Chrysophamis riryaureae var. mieyii swarmed, 

 both sexes, in the finest of condition. Melitaea phoebe var. occitaiiica, 

 Thecla ilicis, type and var. aescidi, T. spini and var. lynceiis : Poly- 

 o)i>iiiatus astrarche, large, and with very red undersides ; Gonepteryx 

 rhanini, Limenitis Camilla, Polygonia c-albion, Brenthis daphne, 

 Kpinephele jurtina var. hispulla, Issoria lathonia, 2Jelitaea atJialia 

 just emerging as a second brood, and Satyrns alcyone. A remark- 

 able form of Epinephele lycaon was taken here. In the female of this 

 -species, the ocellus nearest the anal angle of the superiors is usually 

 somewhat smaller than that near the costal margin; in the speci- 

 mens taken here, however, and also some of the.Albarracin specimens, 

 this ocellus is double the size that obtains in the type, and has a 

 cloudy irregular black outline. Colias edusa scudded along in 

 great numbers, with a couple of ab. helice ; generally distributed were 

 Chrysnphanus var. yordifis, Lampides boeticus, Cyaniris aryiolus, and an 

 immense form of Pynjiis sao, measuring well over BOmm. in expanse ; 

 the whole forming, perhaps, the most brilliant and interesting assem- 

 blage of butterflies I have seen in one locality. Higher, where the brook 

 divided, by taking the right branch, I found Noiiriades semiaryus was 

 not infrequent, with an odd example of Satyrns briseis ; at about 

 1000ft. above the road, I netted several examples of Brenthis 

 hecate, which was evidently on the wane. Still another thousand feet, 

 and we were amongst the mountain-tops ; here the fine form of Erebia 

 styyne var. penalarae appeared, in good condition, and, with it, we each 

 took a worn example of E. evias, which could no doubt have been taken 

 abundantly a few weeks earlier. About half way between La Granja 

 and our brook, on each side of the road, was a series of small swamps; 

 we found here the local Spanish species, Coenonympha iphioides, 

 abundant, in both sexes, and in the best of condition. La Granja is 

 noted for producing that much wanted, and usually rare, species, 

 Laeosopis roboris in abundance, and, consequently, we spared no effort to 

 secure a series, almost however without success ; it is true we saw 

 specimens from time to time in the park, but they were not frequent, 

 and impossible to get ; Mr. Tylecote, however, succeeded in netting one 

 example just outside the walls; then we found a spot where its food- 

 plant, ash, was not uncommon, and here Ave managed to obtain some 

 very battered examples. On our last day, however, on July 24th, we 

 decided to try entirely new ground, and about two miles east of the 

 village came to a large farm, with enclosed fields, and ash-trees 

 growing freely near the fences ; here, on the first ash examined, my 

 friend netted a fine female, and we were soon busily engaged. Each tree 

 produced one or two examples, and then I discovered that they were 

 abundant on the bramble flowers round the ash-trees; at this late date 

 many of the specimens were passe, but we had no difficulty in obtain- 

 ing as many as we required, and I have no doubt that it would be 

 easily possible to take a hundred specimens or so in a day here, if one 



