synopsis of the orthoptera of western europe. 163 



5. Tettix bipunctatus, L. 



Stout in build ; dark brown, or whitish, with sometimes yellow- 

 ish, but usually with blackish or dark brown, marks; on each side 

 of pronotum is a transverse, triangular, black spot ; pronotum with 

 central keel raised into a crest, but not so long as in other species, the 

 hinder part not attaining the hinder knees ; wings of 3 equal to 

 pronotum, of 5 much shorter ; anterior and middle femora with 

 edges subundulate ; hinder femora stout, with sharp, but not undu- 

 lated, edges ; first segment of hinder tarsi with pulvilli rounded on 

 under margin, the third pulvillus as long as the first two together. 

 Excessively variable in colouring. Length of body, 7'5mm. 3 , 9mm.- 

 10-5mm. ? ; of pronotum, 8mm. 3 , 8-5mm.-ll-5mm. 2 . 



The larva, in which the pronotum is simpler, has been described as 

 a distinct species, under the name schrankii, Fieb. The innumerable 

 colour varieties have also been regarded as distinct species by the 

 older authors. A fully-winged form has been taken in France at 

 Dole, in the Jura, and in Provence. 



Common in central and northern Europe, Lapland, Norway, 

 Holland, and Belgium ; common nearly everywhere in England, and 

 extremely so in France, as in all Spain and Portugal. In Alps, up to 

 an elevation of 10000 feet ; also in Italy. It extends also through 

 East Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia, and the Amur. 



6. Tettix tukki, Krauss. 



Pronotum flat or slightly tectiform ; first segment of posterior 

 tarsi with pads rounded underneath, the third pad not longer than 

 either of the first two ; edges of all femora undulated ; pronotum 

 slightly surpassing hinder knees, but slightly rugose ; wings shorter 

 than pronotum. Length of body, 7mm. -8mm. 3 , 9mm. -10mm. ? ; 

 of pronotum, 9mm. 3 , 10mm. -13mm. ? . 



Azam describes a var. saiilcyi, with long pronotum and wings, 

 which appears to be the French form. 



First found on the sandy banks of the Danube, near Vienna, 

 Hinterstein, Algaii, and since taken in France at Digne, on the sands 

 of the Bleone, and at Chabrieres, on the sands of the Asse, in the 

 Basses-Alpes. Found also in Servia. 



7. Tettix subulatus, L. 



Slender and graceful ; dark or variegated, the spots of the pronotum 

 sometimes absent ; pronotum flattened, the central carinee hardly 

 elevated, slightly swollen at the base, produced backwards very straight 

 and long, easily surpassing the hinder knees ; wings as long as pro- 

 notum, very broad and ample ; all femora with sharp, but not undulated, 

 edges ; first segment of posterior tarsi with pads straight underneath, 

 the third equal to the first two together. Length of body, 7mm.- 

 8mm. 3 , 9-8mm.-10mm. $ ; of pronotum, 7-5mm.-12mm. 3 , 

 9'8mm.-14mm. ? . 



Azam speaks of a var. aa/dbergi, Saulcy, with short wings and 

 pronotum, recorded from Reims, Metz, the Basses-Alpes, and Var. 

 Like T. bipunctatus, this species is very variable in colour, occurring 

 chiefly in the spring, and hybernating in the larval stage. 



In damp places in central Europe, but less common than T. bipunc- 

 tatux, except in the south, where it is commoner ; in France, it is 



