168 THE entomologist's record. 



form is light brown, varying to a rather darker tint. According to 

 Barrett the smoky form Avas first described from London, about 1870 ; 

 it now occurs at Birmingham and other large towns, and is prevalent 

 in south Yorkshire. A coal-black form is recently recorded from 

 Norwich, and a rather less dark varietj^ from Scotland and Cannock 

 Chase. Durham, Northumberland, medium prevalent, light scarce, 

 very dark prevalent at Newcastle, and a dark form occurs at 

 Durham (Robson, Rosie). Chester, Delamere, medium prevalent, 

 very dark fairly common (Arkle). Sheffield, rather dark, no great 

 variation (Brady, Doncaster). Midlands and southern counties, light 

 brown generally prevalent, tending to grey in chalky districts, rather 

 dark from Reigate, Bristol, Ashdown Forest (Prideaux), and occasional 

 rather dark specimens from Kent and Gloucestershire (Hewett, Davis). 

 Norwich, occasional quite black ^ (Pitman). Berlin, rather dark form 

 now commoner than light, appeared some twelve years ago (Kloos). 



Hybernia progemmaria (marginaria). — The typical light form is 

 characteristic of the south of England, a rather darker reddish-brown 

 form is found in Ireland, Scotland, and is prevalent in the north of 

 England ; it occurs also around London, in Gloucestershire, Bristol, 

 etc. A uniform smoky variety appeared in south Yorkshire less than 

 40 years ago, it has become commoner, and is spreading to the 

 neighbouring counties. Only light and medium are recorded from 

 Kent, Susses, Surrey, Berks, Devon, Hereford, Norwich, Suffolk, 

 most of Scotland. Dark occurs occasionally in Essex (Harwood), 

 Cambridgeshire (Farren), fully dark appeared at Lynn between 1900 

 and 1904 (Baker). Huddersfield, rather light, medium, dark, all 

 abundant ; 40 years ago the rather light form was the only one known, 

 now the dark medium is prevalent, and the very dark form up to 20%. 

 The females are now nearly all fully dark (Porritt). Yorkshire, 

 Sheffield, Cheshire, Liverpool, Chilwell (Notts), medium prevalent, 

 light common, dark not uncommon (Hewett, Doncaster, Arkle, Tait, 

 Pearson). At Sheffield the smoky suffusion has increased greatly in 

 15-20 years (Doncaster). Durham, Northumberland, light prevalent, 

 formerly commoner ; smoky not uncommon, appeared within about 25 

 years (Robson). At Sunderland a race exists with smoky forewings, 

 but light hindwings (Brady). Smoky form occurs occasionally at 

 Windermere, Lynn, Birmingham, Stroud (Davis), Bristol (Prideaux), 

 it occurs in a small isolated locality at Paisley (Stewart). In districts 

 where the dark forms occur, black females are more abundant than 

 fully dark males. A black female paired with dusky male (from Yorkshire) 

 gave 35 males all dusky in varying degrees, all females dark (Adkin). 



(To he continued.) 



Butterflies at Rest. 



By De. T. a. chapman. 

 Dr. Longstaff has called our attention to the resting attitude of 

 butterflies, and records observations that we all recognise as having , 

 made, at some time or other, without knowing it, and certainly without 

 having co-ordinated them, either together or with any general prin- 

 ciple. Dr. Longstafi' especially directs our attention to the cryptic 

 value of these attitudes, either temporai'ily, or during the long daily 

 rest of some eighteen hours. The attitudes which have more par- 



