170 THE entomologist's kecord, 



both species certainly do when on vegetation, though there is also a 

 maximum exposure to the sun as well as a maximum of display. 

 Neither insect ever shows the upper surface when resting, not even the 

 coloured T. ballus $ . The paradox that this attitude secures both 

 the maximum of display and a large amount of cryptic effect, I find 

 difficult to deal with, nor can I form any opinion as to whether the 

 butterfly is more or less conspicuous owing to the special orientation, 

 but certainly one side of the insect secures a vertical exposure to the 

 sun's rays. 



Gonepteryx cleopatra, Colias echisa, and C. hyale frequently orient 

 themselves in the same manner, and none of these ever show the 

 upperside when at rest, whilst the white Pierids seem to orient them- 

 selves, when they do so at all, with reference to the direction of the 

 wind, and with no relation to the sun. A good many butterflies rest 

 just like the Vanessas, except that the wings are not strongly deflexed, 

 but slightly raised, of which the Melitseas {e.t/., Melitaen cinxia), and 

 Hesperias {e.<j., Hesperia malvae), may be given as examples. The 

 orientation is precisely the same. 



The Lepidoptera of the southeastern district of Uondon. 



By WILLIAM WEST. 

 {Continued from vol. xviii., p. 143.) 



^GERiiDES. — ^-E. formiciformis. — Plumstead, on osier ; 1879. ^iJ. 

 ichnemnoniformis. — Captured one specimen sweeping the railway-bank 

 at Lee, in 1877. -E. cynipiformis. — Larvfe and pupa under bark of 

 oak in Darenth Wood, in June, 1870 ; two imagines taken in Burnt 

 Ash Lane, at rest on oak-leaves in 1870 ; also one in Greenwich Park, 

 on the trunk of an elm. Ji.. tipulifonins. — In my own garden at 

 Greenwich, at rest on currant leaves in 1864, 1866, and 1867. 



Zeuzekides. — Zeuzera pyrina. — Bred from whitethorn, lilac, and 

 apple-trees, at Greenwich. 



CossiDES. — Cossus cossns. — Larvae in an elm in Greenwich Park ; 

 in a birch at Shirley, and also in willows at Lee and Lewisham. 



Hepialides.- — Hepiabis hectus. — At West Wickham Wood, Shooter's 

 Hill, and also Shirley. H. liipulinus. — Lee, Greenwich, Lewisham, 

 and in many other places. H. sylrinus.- — At Lee, Wickham, and 

 Dartford. H. humuli. — Found at Greenwich, Lee, Lewisham, and 

 many other places. 



EucLEmES. — Cocldidion limacodes (testudo). — West Wood, on 

 Shooter's Hill, in June, 1863, and also found in Swanscombe Wood 

 in 1865. 



Adscitides. — Adscita statices. — In Loughton, 1864. A. yeryon. — 

 Box Hill, 1868. Anthrocera trifolii. — Loughton, in a field near " the 

 Owl," 1865. A. filipendidae. — Box Hill, Lee, Forest Hill; in a field, 

 annually, at the top of Burnt Ash Lane, from 1865. 



NoLiDEs.-^jYo^a cucidlatella. — Blackheath, on fences; larvae on i 

 whitethorn, at Kidbrook, Lee, Lewisham, etc. 



Aectiides. — Kudaria senex. — Lee pit, a sallow swamp at the top of 

 Manor Farm. N. vnmdana. — On fences at Blackheath. Setina irror- 

 ella.- — Caterham, in June, and Box Hill. Calligenia viiniata. - Darenth 

 Wood, and in West Wood, Shooter's Hill. Lithosia aureola. — Darenth 

 Wood. L. deplana. — Beating yews at Box Hill, in July and August. 



