184 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECOKD. 



1. Phaneeopterid^. 



2. Meconemid^. 



Many kinds, as Locusta, Olynthoscelis, etc., are nocturnal or semi- 

 nocturnal ; the Stenopelmatidae live in caves or holes in wood. 



Table of Families. 

 1. Tarsi depressed. 



2. First and second tarsal segments smooth at the 

 sides ; (prosternum unarmed ; elytra and wings 

 abbreviated or well- developed ; generally green, 

 fragile insects ; ovipositor generally rather short 

 and strongly curved ; posterior tibiae with two 

 apical spines underneath) 

 2.2. First and second tarsal segments sulcate at sides. 

 3. Tympanum of anterior tibise "apertum"; 

 (delicate small green insects ; <? with no 

 stridulating organ) 

 3.3. Tympanum cleft-shaped, " clausum." 

 4. Hinder tibiae with an apical spine above, on 

 each side. 

 5 . Anterior tibise smooth, not sulcate at sides ; 

 fastigium of vertex prominent, distinctly 

 separated from the frons by a sulcus ; 

 (in European species, prosternum with 

 two spines ; frons strongly inclined ; 

 green insects) 

 5.5. Anterior tibise with a sulcus down each 

 side. 

 6. First segment of posterior tarsi with no 

 free plantulse ; prosternum with two 

 spines ; (large stout insects, the West 

 European species bright green) 

 6.6. First segment of posterior tarsi 

 furnished with a pair of free plan- 

 tulse ; (usually strong and active 

 insects, grey or brown in colour) . . 

 4.4. Hinder tibise with no apical spine above 

 on the outer margin, with two spines 

 beneath, except in the genus Pycnogaster, 

 where there are four. 

 5. Vertex broad, rounded ; antennse widely 



separated . . 

 5.5. Vertex sharp, acute, antennse not widely 

 separated, almost contiguous at base 

 1.1. Tarsi compressed .. 



3. C0N0CEPHALID«. 



4. LOCUSTID^. 



5. DECTICID.E. 



6. Ephippigebid*;. 



7. Sagid^. 



8. Stenopelmatid^. 



Family I : PnANEROPTERiDiE. 



This is a very extensive family, including a number of long-legged, 

 delicate, vegetable-feeding, slender grasshoppers ; some of the South 

 American forms attain a very large size, but none of the European 

 forms are very big. They live on shrubs and in long grass, and are 

 generally inactive, somewhat ungainly insects ; there are a number 

 of genera with the organs of flight abbreviated, so that local 

 forms have been developed ; the diversity of species is more 

 noticeable in eastern, than in western, Europe, where the Ephippiyeridae 

 replace them. The European forms fall naturally into two groups, 

 those with abbreviated elytra and those with well-developed organs of 



flight. 



Table of Genera. 

 1. Anterior coxffi unarmed. 



2. Pronotum with no sinus humeralis (that is, seen 

 from side, hinder margin oblique, nearly 

 straight) ; elytra strongly abbreviated ; wings 

 none. 



