PRACTICAL, HINTS RELATING TO THE EUPITHECIIDS. 



2oa 



July, hiding by day among the herbage near its foodplant, and 

 difficult to disturb at this time, but flies at dusk over its foodplant, 

 by hedges, etc. 



The larva of Enpithecia helveticaria and its var. arceuthata are to 

 be found in June and July, and again as a partial second-brood in 

 September, and may then be beaten from juniper. It is found in all 

 Scottish hills where its foodplant grows, as well as in Lancashire, 

 Bucks, Wilts, and Surrey. 



The imago of FJupithecia lielceticaria is to be found in May and 

 June, and again as a partial second-brood in August and September. 

 It hides by day in the juniper bushes and may be beaten therefrom, or 

 may be captured flying at dusk around its foodplant. The southern 

 examples are much paler than those from Scotland. 



The larva of Enpithecia saUjrata is to be obtained (sometimes in 

 abundance) in the flowers of Senecio Jacobaea, Centanrea nhjra, Scabiosa 

 arvensis, Yerbascum thapsiis, and many other plants, feeding also upon 

 heath, sallow, etc., on the northern moors (Avhere the specialised race 

 mllmiaria replaces the type). In our southern woods we have 

 beaten it in plenty into an umbrella with larvae of Enpithecia 

 absi/nthiata, etc. 



The imago of Enpithecia satijmta appears in May and June, is 

 frequently beaten in woods and wood-ridings, or disturbed from bushes 

 and hedges on the borders of heaths, moors, etc., or other hiding-places. 

 It hides during the day but flies freely at dusk. In the Orkney Islands 

 a very special form, var. curzoni, replaces the type. 



The larva of Enpithecia plwnbeolata feeds in August in the flowers 

 of cow-wheat {Melampyrnm pratcnse and M. arrensis). It spins up 

 the flowers, and bunches of the aftected heads should be carefully tied 

 up in bags, the larvae often pupating in a dried corolla-tube. 



The imago of Enpithecia plninbenlata is to be found throughout 

 June, hiding either among its foodplant or much more frequently on 

 tree-trunks near, from which, however, it flies at the least provocation. 

 It flies freely in the evening over its foodplant, and is sometimes quite 

 abundant in clearings in woods, etc., where its foodplant grows. 



The larva of Enpithecia isof/raminata is to be found in July and 

 August, feeding inside the buds of Clematia vitalha, a little black hole 

 in the bud betraying the presence of a larva. It moves from one bud 

 to another and feeds up very rapidly. 



The imago of Enpithecia isogranvnata is on the wing in June and 

 July, and is very active in the early evening when it is to be seen flying 

 swiftly over its foodplant in tall hedges ; by day it may be readily 

 disturbed with the beating-stick, but is very ready to take flight, and 

 one wants to be pretty sharp to net it. 



The larva of Enpithecia pyr/niaeata is to be found in June and July, 

 and again in September, feeding on the flowers of Stellaria holostea. 

 It may also feed on the flowers of Cerastium tomentoswn, C. triviale, etc. 



The imago of Enpithecia pygmaeata occurs in May and June, and 

 again in July and August, flying in the afternoon sunshine over its 

 foodplant. It loves sunny spots on the edges of wood, or heaths, or 

 hedgesides where its foodplant is abundant ; also the wide open paths 

 of fens, etc. It flies swiftly in the sun, but disappears as soon as it is 

 at all cloudy. 



The larva of Enpithecia trisicpiata is to be beaten into an umbrella 



