208 THE entomologist's record. 



offspring are either all doubled ay aria, or a mixture of the two forms. 

 From correspondents. — Scotland : Forres (Brady), Wigtownshire- 

 (Gordon), type ; from latter county, one small male, uniform brownish. 

 An intermediate from Kincardine (Home). Ireland : Light form over 

 the whole island. One doahledayaria at Castle Bellingham, 189& 

 (Kane) ; darkly spotted specimens, and one doubled ay aria, same locality,. 

 1894 (Thornhill). Isle of Man : Two douhledayaria, 1904 (Cassall). 

 Lancashire : Burnley, Manchester, black prevalent, type occurs 

 (Clutten, Tait). Lancaster, both occur (Forsythe). Cheshire : Chester,. 

 Delamere, Warrington, type rare or absent ; a suffused form occurs 

 less rarely; black, common. At Delamere a buff form is found (Arkle,. 

 Collins). Yorkshire: Huddersfield, now only black, 45 years ago only 

 type was found (Porritt, Mosley). Halifax, black prevalent, suffused 

 form of type occurs. As at Huddersfield, black appeared suddenly 

 between 1860 and 1870, and gradually replaced the type (Halliday), 

 Bradford, black now prevalent, but still scarce as late as ISTG' 

 (Butterfield) ; Leeds, Rotherham, Barnsley, Sheffield, Doncaster, Hull,. 

 Keighley, Middlesborough, black prevalent (Porritt, Hewett, Wigin, 

 Brooks, Brady). York, about equal numbers (1900) (Hewett). Great 

 Ayton (1900), type probably commoner than black (Lofthouse). 

 Rotherham, black, appeared suddenly about 1887, no gradual darkening^ 

 (Brooks). Westmoreland : Kendal and Windermere, black much 

 commoner than type ; first appeared about 1870 (Moss). Durham : 

 Hartlepool, black now prevalent, light still occurs. A few inter- 

 mediates recorded (Robson, Rosie). Lincolnshire : Gainsborough 

 (Fowler), Rutland (Snowden), Notts, Worksop (Alderson), Chilwell 

 (Pearson), both light and black; occasional intermediates. Norfolk: 

 Lynn, black first appeared 1892, in 1900 prevalent (Atmore, Baker), 

 Norwich, black not observed 1901 (Pitman). Cambridgeshire : Ely, 

 first black about 1895 (Cross). Cambridge, light prevalent, black first 

 taken 1892, now seen every year (Farren). Suffolk: Black occurred 

 at Ipswich, 1891 (Morley, Pyett). Essex : Black appeared at 

 Colchester, about 1892 (Harwood), Dovercourt, 1902 (Mathew) ; 

 Woodford, assembling produced 17 type, 10 black, 1905 (Main and 

 Harrison). 



[To he continued.) 



Note on the pairing and egg=laying liabits of Euchloe cardamines 

 and Gonepteryx rliamni. 



By CECIL FLOERSHEIivI, B.A., F.E.S. 



The courting of Euchloe card amines, like that of most butterflies, is 

 a brief affair, and on two occasions this year the pairing took place so 

 quickly in my butterfly-house, that, although my head was turned away 

 from the spot only for a minute or so, there were two butterflies in 

 copula when I looked round again. Once, indeed, I nearly trod on a 

 pair which had settled just behind me, as I stopped to examine a twig. 



Coition takes place on or near the ground, and I have never observed 

 any happening at a height of more than six inches from it. It lasts a 

 comparatively short time, and in no case which I have observed, for 

 more than two hours. It almost always took place between 11 o'clock 

 a.m. and 2 p.m. A'. cardatiiineH appears to be less sensitive to cold in 



