The Botanical Survey of Nebraska 



individuals of Gymnocladus dioicits, Hicoria minima, Juniperiis 

 virginiana, Ulmus americana, Gleditsia triacanthos, and Salix 

 nigra. The juniper is very rarely noted. 



The individuals of the dominant species as well as of the sec- 

 ondary species range in diameter from four to twenty-four inches 

 and in height from twenty to forty feet. The trees are usually 

 much branched and the crowns tend to become bushy and widely 

 spreading because of the relatively open nature of the woods. 

 The light intensity beneath the trees as determined by the Clem- 

 ents actinometer ranges from 0.112 to 0.058, a fact which quite 

 clearly pictures the relative openness of the stand. 



The ground cover is poorly developed in so far as shrubs are 

 concerned but is rich in perennial herbs. Ribes niissouriensis 

 and Sym-phoricarpos symphoricarpos are the only conspicuous 

 shrubs although occasional individuals of Cornus asperifolia and 

 patches of Primus americana and Sambuciis canadensis are seen 

 in the more open places or along the border of the woods. The 

 wild grape, Vitis vulpina, Smilax hispida, and Celastrus scandens 

 are infrequent vines. 



The principal herbaceous species are as follows : 



Geum canadense (f)* 

 Viola papilionacea (va) 

 Elymus virginicus (a) 

 Oxalis corniculata (i) 

 Erythroniuni albidum (va) 

 Poa pratensis (va) 

 Ranunculus abortivus (f) 

 Muhlenbergia tenui flora (a) 

 Urtica dioica (f) 

 Eragrostis hypnoides (i) 

 Agastache nepet aides (i) 

 Bicuculla cucullaria (r) 



Frag aria Virginian a (f) 

 Arisaema triphyllum (i) 

 Eupatorium ageratoides (i) 

 Sanicula marylandica (f) 

 Impatiens bi flora (i) 

 Teucrium canadense (r) 

 Aster salicifolius (i) 

 Verbesina alternifolia (f) 

 Urticastrum divaricatum (f) 

 Viola raflnesquii (i) 

 Parietaria pennsylvanica (f ) 

 Galium aparine (f) 



Characteristic dense communities of Ambrosia trifida, Polvg- 

 oniim pennsylvaniciim and MentJia canadensis are frequently 

 noted in moist depressions or flatfish, more or less marshy areas 

 close to the stream. 



va = very abundant, a := abundant, f = frequent, i = infrequent, r = rare. 



12 



