Congenital Anomalies of the Heart 23 



Young & Robinson (1907), Carpenter (1908), Paterson (1908), Carpenter 

 (1909), Gandy et Brule (1909), Planchu et Gardere (1909), Weiss-Eder 

 (1909), Wenner (1909) 4 cases, Serverog (1910), Boulach (1910), Bokay 

 (1911), Robertson (1911), Boxwell (1912), Erdmenger (1912), Keith 

 (1912), Black (1914), Gasquet (1913), Hebb (1913), Hingar (1913), 

 Pappenheimer (1913), Morse (1915), Monteiro (1917). Two hundred and 

 twenty-five cases. 



(b) Other Anomalies of the Septum Secundum. — The septum 

 ovalis may be cribiform as in the case of Finlay (1878), Smith 

 (1880), OHver (1889) and others. This is a different anomaly 

 than simple arrest of growth leading to an open foramen ovale, 

 but I have included it in the group above. The septum secundum 

 may fail to develop as in the case of Hebb (1889), or may be 

 defective at other points than in the fossa ovalis. An opening 

 above and anterior to the fossa ovalis may be considered as a 

 defect in the development of the septum secundum. The condi- 

 tion seems to occur with about the same frequency as defect of 

 the septum primum. They represent 7.5 per cent, of all defects 

 of the atrial septum. 



Kelly (1869), Peacock (1877), Pott (1878) 3 cases, Chiari (1880), Liv- 

 ingston (1883), Greenfield (1889), Hebb (1889), Sanger (1889), ProbjTi- 

 Williams (1894), Prezewoski (1896), Keith (1898), Grifiith (1899), Moore 

 (1903), Thompson (1903), Carpenter (1908), Wassenbach (1910), Reed 

 (1911). Twenty cases. 



§ IX. 



IV. ABNORMALITIES WITHIN THE CAVITIES OF 

 THE HEART 



A. RIGHT ATRIUM 



I. Contracture or Dilatation 



It seems to me that there may be some question of the propriety 

 of including cases of contracture and dilation am'ong congenital 

 malformations. Many of these cases are of sufficient age and 

 the circulation is so disturbed that it is entirely possible that the 

 cases are simple pathological reactions of the same type with 

 which we are familiar in other cardiac diseases ; this applies espe- 



