32 C. W. M. Poynter 



3. The aorta is in front of the pulmonary artery and opens 

 from a bicusped ventricle. This condition is very difficult to 

 explain ; the most acceptable theory is that there has been a left- 

 to-right twist of the left around the right ventricle with a corre- 

 sponding right-to-left deviation of the septum (Lochte). 



Clinically the condition presents no special symptoms. It is 

 usually associated with other congenital lesions of the heart, par- 

 ticularly defective interventricular septum ; 'however, nine cases 

 were encountered in this study which presented no other lesion 

 of importance. The condition was found in 12 per cent, of all 

 hearts studied and the cases showed an average age of 3 years. 

 The maximum age was 39 and 75 per cent, of the cases died 

 under one year. 



Class i: Ring (1805), Baillie (1808), Langstaff (1811), Kreysig (1817), 

 Nasse (1811), Miiller (1822), d'Alton (1824), Tiedemann (1825), Martin 

 (1826) 2 cases, Martin (1B39), Ducrest (1840), Thore (1843), King 

 (1844), Thore (1845), Beck (1846), Parker (1846), Johnson (1850), Ward 

 (1851), Keil (1854), Darrach (1857), Meyer (1857), Reynolds (1857), 

 Code (1863), Lebert (1863), de Bary (1864a), Meigs (1867), Arnold 

 (1868), Frankel (1870), Kelly (1871), Barlow (1876), Maier (1876), Elliot 

 (1877), Janeway (1877), Martin (1877), Babesiu (1879), Crocker (1879), 

 Lees (1879), Mackenzie (1879), Mazatti (1879), Peacock & Ashby (1881), 

 Rickards (1881), Bianchi (1882), v. Etlinger (1882), Holl (1882), Pope 

 (1882), Scott (1882), Turner (1882), Shattock (1883), Durozier (1885), 

 Epstein (1886), Harris (1887), Klumpke (1887), Fussell (1888), Gampert 

 (1889), Mackenzie (1889), Ramm (1889), de Renzie (1889), Revilliod 

 (1889), Doming (1890), Preisz (1890), Geipel (1892), Hochsinger (1891), 

 Lewis (1891), Saunders (1892), Mirinescu (1893), Bonne (1895), Lochte 

 (1894), Freyberger (1895), Theremin (1895), Caille (1896), Litten 

 (1896), Monod (1896), Rotch (1896), Coyon (1897) 2 cases, Freyberger 

 (1898), Roily (1899), Rudlof (1900), Starck (1900), Meinertz (1901), 

 Peters (1901), Thiele (1902), Champeter (1903), Cowan (1903), Brain 

 (1905), Ellis (1905), Apert et Brezaud (1906), Emanuel (1906), Young 

 (1906), Lucien & Harter (1907), Young & Robinson (1907) 3 cases, 

 Planchu & Gardere (1909), Wenner (1909) 3 cases, v. Bokay (1911), Lubs 

 (1911), Robertson (1911), Variot et Moranci (1911), Erdmenger (1912), 

 Fortmann (1912), Keith (1912), Bissell (1913), Pozdyum (1912), Rivet et 

 Gerard (1913), Heller & Gruber (1914). 



Class 2: Gamage (1815), Hickman (1869), Schrotter (1870), Ogston 

 (1874), Graanboom (1891), Griffith (1891), Birmingham (1892), McCrae 

 (1906), Stokes (1909), Wenner (1909). 



Class 3: Walsh (1842), Stoltz (1851), Gutwasser (1870), Pye-Smith 



