Congenital Anomalies of the Heart 37 



(1853), Darrach (1857), Graily-Hewitt (1856), Morey (1857), Baly 

 (1858), Gueniot (1862), Peacock (1864), Rauchfuss (1864), Arnold 

 (1868), Peacock (1869) 2 cases, Deguise (1872), Peacock (1873), Lucas 

 (1874), Heinman (1878), Pott (1878) 2 cases, Raub (1878), Nixon (1879), 

 Pott (1879), Luneau (1880), Stifel (1880), Cronk (1881), Vilon et 

 Leveque (1884), Ashby (1884), Leo (1886), Vincenzi (1886), Bury (1887), 

 Bingham (1888), Howard (1891) (1892), Burgess/ (1893), Probyn- 

 Williams (1894), Hunsberger (1898), Civatte (1900), Potter (1900), 

 Symington (1900), Thomson (1900), Andrews (1902), Audry (1902), 

 Bourlot (1902), Bouchacourt et Coudert (1904), Nau (1904), Kiihne 

 (1906), Bornier (1907), Hand (1908), Wenner (1909) 2 cases, Hebb 

 (1913), Rivet et Gerard (1913). Total 66 cases. 



2. Pulmonary artery a solid cord: Hunter (1783), Basedow (1828), 

 Chassinat' (1836), Smith (1841), Babington (1846), Crisp (1846), Sturock 

 (1859), Olliver (1861), Hickman (1869), Hunter (1869), Peacock (1871), 

 Turner (1882), Brewer (1885), McKee (1887), Habershon (1888), Griffith 

 (1891), Grothe (1898), McCrae (1906), Young & Robinson (1907), Pap- 

 penheimer (1913), Morse (1915). Total 21 cases. 



3. Entire absence of the pulmonary trunk: Crisp (1846), Almagro 

 (1862), Hunter (1870), Peacock (1879), Grant (1883), Pryor (1889), 

 Gutkind (1903), Hebb (1913) 2 cases. Total 9 cases. 



§ XII. 



VII. ABNORMALITIES. OF THE AORTA 



A. Aortic Stenosis and Atresia 



These cases are not common and are difficult to distinguish 

 from the results of post-natal endocarditis. It seems reasonable 

 to suppose that the congenital cases are the result of the same 

 type of developmental disturbance wihich produces similar condi- 

 tions of the pulmonary trunk. Theremin collected 17 cases, but 

 it seems probable that a number of these are not of congenital 

 origin. The condition is associated with defective ventricular 

 septum and patent ductus arteriosus. The average duration of 

 life is 2 days. Devillier's (i860) case was an obliteration of the 

 orifice, but those reported by Ziegenspeck (1888), Klipstein 

 (1890), Konstantinowitsch (1906) and Gladstone & Russmann 

 (1915) showed obliteration of the ascending portion as well. 



I. Stenosis of aortic orifice: Dittrich (1852), Blin (1854), Hare (i860), 

 Allis (1872), Pott (1879), Etlinger (1882) 2 cases. Eppinger (1889). 



