40 C. W. M. Poynter 



2. Two Valves: Spittal (1830), Andral (1838), Blin (1854), Quain & 

 Sibbald (1856), Hare (i860), Greenfeld (1876), Alezias (1880), Tirard 

 (1880), Rickards (1881), Sailer (1885), Vite (1886) 2 cases, Foot (1888), 

 Berger (1890), Preisz (1890) 2 cases, Ucke (1895), Hebb (1897), Rainer 

 (1897), Barbo (1900), Macaigne et Lucien (1912), 



3. Four valves: Lindenberger (1893) 2 cases. 

 Summary : 



Pulmonary Artery Aorta Type Variation 



I No valve 



I I One valve 



44 21 Two valves 



17 2 Four valves 



§ XIV. 



IX. ANOMALIES OF THE ATRIO-VENTRICU- 

 LAR ORIFICES AND VALVES 



In the cases on single atrio-ventricular opening the right is 

 most frequently wanting and the condition generally occurs in 

 bilocular hearts. No very satisfactory explanation has been 

 offered for the irregularity. Mauran (1827a) found a single 

 auricle and ventricle connected by a tricuspid valve, also Keith 

 (1912) reported an arrest of development of the left heart with 

 no atrio-ventricular opening on that side. Potter (1906), Rogers 

 (1905) and Cdhn (1904) found the right atrio-ventricular open- 

 ing lacking in four chambered hearts ; other anomalies were pres- 

 ent in each case. In cases by Ballet (1880) and Andrews (1902) 

 there was no connection between the right atrium and ventricle, 

 but the right atrio-ventricular opening was into the left ven- 

 tricle. Martin (1877) reported a long canal from the right 

 atrium opening into the posterior wall of the ventricle and taking 

 the place of the normal orifice. 



It was not thought necessary to collect the cases of stenosis 

 because all of thie cases examined seemed to be of undoubted 

 inflammatory origin. 



Anomalies of the valves are of rare occurrence; Cordell (1884) 

 reported a single mitral valve and Geipel (1903) three cases. 

 Stuhlweissenburg (1912) found a case of double left atrio- 

 ventricular opening, each guarded by valves. Pisenti (1888) 

 reported a congenital anomaly of the tricuspid valve. 



