42 C. W. M. Poynter 



condition is not incompatible with a fair duration of life, but few 

 cases lived beyond 50 years. As one element in maldevelopment 

 complexes the condition is not of unusual occurrence. In this 

 study open ductus arteriosus is present in slightly more than 25 

 per cent, of the hearts studied, making it the third lesion in order 

 of frequency ; as an isolated lesion it is present in 3.7 per cent, 

 of cases. 



Hunter (1783), Standert (1805), Baillie (1808) 2 cases, Obet (i^ 

 Meckel (1809), Langstaff (1811), Howship (1813), Jurine (1815), Krey- 

 sig (1817), Reeland (1818), Cheever (1821), Tiedemann (1825), van Hall 

 et Vrolik (1825), Martin (1826), Cerutti (1827), Houzelot (1827)', Mauran 

 (1827), Basedow (1828), Graves & Houston (1830), Gibert (1832), Spittal 

 (1835), Chassinat (1836), Smith (1841), Douglas (1842), Babington 

 (1846), Peacock (1846), Rees (1848), Bernutz (1849), Denuce (1849), 

 Peacock (1849), Johnson (1850), Stoltz (1851), Greig (1852), Hare 

 (1853), Keil (1854), Luys (1855), Graily-Hewett (1856), Peacock (1856), 

 Willigk (1854), Darrach (1857), Meyer (1857), Morey (1857), Schilling 

 (1857), Baly (1858), Sturock (1859), Devilliers (i860), Hare (i860), 

 Saunders (i860). Smith (i860), Heine (1861), Mefcalf (1861), Ollivier 

 (1861), Almagro (1862), Duroziez (1862), Gueniot (1862), de Bary 

 (1864), Peacock (1864), Arnold (1868), Hickman (1869), Hunter (1869), 

 Cameron (1871), Peacock (1871), Johston (1872), Fogge (1873), Pea- 

 cock (1873), Lucas (1874), Barlow (1876), Katz (1877), Walsham (1877), 

 Francais (1878), Heniman (1878), Pott (1879), Hildrith (1880), Lees 

 (1880), Malherbe (1880), Osier (1880), Stifel (1880), Tirard (1880), v. 

 Etlinger (1881) 2 cases, Holl (1882), Scott (1882), Turner (1882); Holt 

 (1883), Livingston (1883) 2 cases, Ashby (1884), Coupland (1884), Foulis 

 (1884), Holt (1884), Darier (1885), Epstein (1886), Gilbert (1886), Leo 

 (1886), Potocki (1886), Vincenzi (1886), Harris (1887), Klumpke (1887), 

 McKee (1887), Murray (1887), Hopkins (1888), Ziegenspeck (1888), de 

 Renzi (1889), Klipst'ein (1889) 2 cases, Miura (1889), Preisz (1890), 

 Howard (1891), Lewis (1891), Moore (1891), Ruge (1891) 2 cases, 

 Hochhaus (1892), Moore (1892), Saunders (1892), Laine (1893), Haury 

 (1894), Probyn-Williams (1894), Stembo (1894), Freyberger (1895), 

 Monod (1896), Rheiner (1896), Coyon (1897), Drasche (1898), Gerard 

 (1898), Grothe (1898), Hunsberger (1898), Lamouroux (1899), Lowen- 

 thal (1900), Potter (1900), Starck (1900), Audry (1902), Bourlot (1902), 

 Spalverini et Barbieri (1902), Cowan (1903) 3 cases, Gutkind (1903), 

 Lewis (1903), Moore (1903), Schreiber (1903), Brittauer (1905), Chartier 

 (1905), Chessman (1905), Ellis (1905) 2 cases, Pansch (1905), Apert et 

 Brezaud (1906), Konstantinowitsch (1906), Bornier (1907), Lucien et 

 Hart'er (1907), Young & Robinson (1907), Carpenter (1908) 2 cases, Caut- 

 ley (1908), Wells (1908), Carpenter (1909), Wenner (1909) 4 cases, 



