nUANCAVM.ICA. 21 



doubt hot springs. He also mentions this ore at Guaraz (Huaraz) and near 

 Santa. 



In the province of Ancachs' mercury occurs in only a few deposits, 

 which appear to be of little value. It is always found as cinnabar in veins, 

 and mixed with other sulphides, such as galena, blende, pyrite, and gray 

 copper. One of the principal mines is the Santa Cruz, near Caraz. The 

 large amount of carbonic anhydride evolved in this mine renders its ex- 

 ploitation difficult. 



There is a quicksilver mine in the great silver-mining district of Cerro 

 de Pasco, at Cuipan. The rocks of this region include granite and trachytic 

 lavas, as well as more or less metamorphosed sedimentary beds." 



In the mineral district of Yauli, 75 miles northeast of Lima, close to 

 the Punabamba ranch, in a valley of the Andes, hot sulphur springs reach 

 the surface and deposit considerable quantities of sulphur. Above these 

 springs are quartz veins carrying seams and pockets of cinnabar and pyrite. 

 The inclosing rocks are schists and sandstones.^ 



For over two hundred years the district of Huancavelica (sometimes 

 written Guancavelica) yielded almost as much, possibly quite as much, 

 metal as the district of Almaden, and the recorded total product of Huan- 

 cavelica considerably exceeds that of California. The district of Huanca- 

 velica lies on the eastern slope of the western range of the Cordilleras. The 

 rocks, according to Mr. Crosnier,^ are of Jurassic age and are elevated to a 

 nearly vertical position, but have a westerly dip. They strike north and 

 south. The sedimentary rocks are the same throughout the district, and 

 consist of argillaceous schists, conglomerates, sandstone, and limestone, 

 alternating in thick beds. There are also, according to Mr. Rivero,^ por- 

 phyries and trachytic lavas in the district, and granite is exposed at least at 

 one locality. All traces of volcanic action have not disappeared from this 



'Explotacion y beneficio de los niineralea de Ancachs, Prof. M. dii Chatenet: Aiiales coustr. civ. 

 y ininas Peru, vol. 3, 1883, p. 3. 



-Alijaudro Babiaski, State engiueer: lufornie sobre el Cerro de Pasco, 187(3. 



^Bugdoll, loc. cit. ; Mineral de Yauli, por L. Pfliicker y Rieo: Anales coustr. civ. y luinas Peru, vol. 

 3, 1883, p. 62. 



^Annales des mines, Paris, .5th series, vol. 2, 1852, p. 37. 



^Memoria sobre el rico miueral de azogue de Huancavelica, por Mariano Ednardo de Rivero, 

 Lima, 1848. 



