THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. 99 
Entomology.—Of beetles, Longicornes were perhaps the most 
numerous, amongst those taken being Amphirhoe decora; Enchoptera 
Africalis; two Zoedias; and a small un-named species resembling an 
Agapete, hitherto only known to have been taken near Melbourne. 
Of the other families Scarabeide, Cleride, Elateride, and Chry- 
somelide were represented by the commoner species. Of Buprestide, 
only one un-named species of Stigmodera was taken. 
Of Lepidoptera, several species of butterflies and moths more or 
Jess local were taken, also a few Hymenoptera and Neuroptera. 
REMARKS ON VICTORIAN GALL-MAKING 
COCCIDA. 
By O. A. Sayce. 
(Read before the Field Naturalists’ Club, October 12th, 1885.) 
Ir is generally thought, I believe, that the Galls or Excrescences 
found on our forest trees and shrubs are all the products of 
Hymenopterous insects. I have given some little time to investigating 
them, and haye noticed that most are formed by a family of insects, 
totally different in structure, as well as habits, called Coccide, well 
known to horticulturists under the name of Scale insects. They 
belong to the order Homoptera, which is divided by Latreille and 
Westwood into three sections. 
Sect. I., Zrimera. Tarsi 3-jointed; antennes minute, setigerous; 
wings areolate.. The well known noisy Cicada, (often mis-called 
Locust), is a type. 
Sect. II., Dimera. Tarsi 2-jointed, antennz moderate, filiform, 
5-10 jointed; wings subareolate. 
The destructive and world-distributed family of Apzde, with the 
gevus Phylloxera, well known on account of its ravages amongst 
vine-yards, are types. 
Sect. III., Monomera. Tarsi 1-jointed, antenne 6-25 jointed, 
wings not areolate. 
The latter is the one to which the Coccide belong. These 
insects, which are ordinarily of very small size, are most injurious 
to the interests of horticulturists; their powers of propagation are 
excessive, and owing to the covering which they form to protect 
themselves, they are very difficult to exterminate. They are one 
of the most anomalous tribe of insects with which we are acquainted. 
The females become more and more imperfect in form as they 
reach the zmago, or adult state, losing all power of locomotion, and, 
in many species all trace of articulations in the body and limbs, 
becoming, in fact, inert and fixed masses of animal matter, motionless, 
