GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF ZYGAENA LOTI. 31 
greater extent of the dark scaling, which often reduces the spots 
of forewing to five, and which tends to invade the whole hindwing 
and the underside of the forewing, confering a much more variable 
look to the individual forms of each race. They correspond to 
the dark stoechadis sub-species of filipendulae and group 6 also has 
the same robust structure. The mountain melanotic forms of 
transalpina have been called sorrentina, Stdgr., and calabrica, Calb., 
the latter having the whole of hindwing darkened and the former 
being a transition, with a broad space left free of dark scales. These 
forms occur together and occur mixed with transitions to altitudinaria 
in very variable proportions, according to localities, so that local races 
are produced having on the whole very different aspects. To give a 
name to every gradation would be impossible and quite useless, but we 
can agree on a few names to designate the principle types of variation 
and then use statistical data to better define the races of the various 
localities. 
Race sorrentina, Stder.—There are regions in which variation 
extends from altitudinaria to sorrentina, extreme specimens of these 
forms being frequent, but the majority consisting of a form similar to 
altitudinaria with the difference that the dark border of the hind- 
margin is broad, or very broad, and sends out rays towards the dorsal 
margin, such as are never seen in altitudinaria; the five-spotted form 
also occurs occasionally ; the size of the insect is on the whole a little 
larger and the very small individuals of altitudinaria are not produced. 
To these races I should give the name of sorrentina, extending it to 
those in which calabrica does occur, but in a very small percentage. 
This is the case in the Sorrento Peninsula; at Polleca, in the Aurunei 
Mountains, calabrica does not exist at all. This race is proper to the 
extreme southern portion of Central Italy and to Southern Italy, and 
we were very surprised when Querci in 1915 found it-as far north as 
Northern Tuscany on Pratofiorito, 1,000 m., and at Montetfegatesi, 
700m. (Lucca). Here altitudinaria has an unusually broad marginal 
band and extreme specimens are identical with nymotypical sorrentina. 
Race calabrica, Calb.—The races in which this form is found in 
a very high percentage, which sometimes is over 50%, and the remain- 
der consists of sorrentina, should, I think, bear this name. 
Race narina, mihi.—In the Mainarde Mountains, at Villalatina, and 
along the road from Atina to 8. Biagio Saracinasco, a magnificent 
race is found, more variable than any other; Querci’s statistical table 
illustrates it better than any words. It will be noticed that the extent 
of the dark scaling corresponds to calabrica, but what makes it quite 
distinct and peculiar is the variation of the red scaling to pink and to 
yellow in more than half the individuals. In some localities the two 
preceding races do produce the yellow form constantly and not merely 
as a very rare aberration, but in no other has it been found to pre- 
dominate. Most specimens thus belong to the yellow calabrica, called 
zickerti by Hoffman, but I think that to use the name of a single very 
special form for such a variable race would only lead to confusion, and 
both Querci and I have agreed to give it a geographical name. It is 
worthy of notice that in peninsular Italy also Callimorpha dominuta, L., 
produces a race characterised by yellow scaling, instead of red, and by 
the variability and occasionally very great extent of the black pattern. 
Race hispana, mihi.—In the Ruhl collection, preserved in Florence 
