NOTES ON COLLECTING. 39 
On June 80th I was passing through a meadow path in a fairly 
wide valley, when I came across a locality with an abundance of 
Zygaena filipendulae. It was a nice ordinary dry meadow pasture of 
considerable extent, and /ilipendulae was abundant, many in good con- 
dition, many decidedly ‘“‘ passé.” After watching them for a time I 
passed on up a steepish hill; when just at the edge of the wooded 
summit in a pocket of slightly damp ground with rushes and the lke, 
I found a trifolii, then another and another, it at once became 
apparent that I had struck a small colony of this (to me) interesting 
species, the slight depression was of very limited extent and not three 
hundred yards from the filipendulae meadow. 
I kept the colony under close and continuous inspection for nearly 
three weeks, and during the emergence period I never saw one outside 
their special area, though as they increased in numbers and age they 
wandered further afield, but I did not see one ‘‘five-spot”’ actually down 
in the meadow already referred to. 
_ On June 30th the species was absolutely fresh. I watched them 
drying their wings on that-and the few following days. by the dozen, 
but I did not discover one emergence on the dry ground fifty or a 
hundred yards below their own little damp depression. After the first 
ten days the emergences became very considerably reduced; I might 
see one or possibly two in a day, whereas during the first four or five 
days I have no doubt I witnessed a dozen to two dozen each day, for 
the species was abundant. 
What especially interested me was the almost complete separation 
of the two species. I was particularly on the watch for the mating of 
the two, but I did not see a single instance, and it was most rare to see 
filipendulae among the trifolti colony; I counted about half a dozen — 
such cases. At the bottom of the hill was a ditch or a hedge which 
we might perhaps consider the boundary line, for I only found two 
trifolii on the other side of that hedge, 7.e., in the filipendulae area, and 
those two had evidently been on the wing a long time. There was, 
however, an intermediate district much nearer the colony, a rich bit of 
pasture on the side of the hill, where both species met, but even here 
the “six-spot ’’ was very much commoner than the “ five-spot.” This 
would, however, be more or less what one would expect, for as the 
meadow land became dryer jilipendulae would naturally be attracted by 
the flowers further up the hill, whereas ¢trifolii did not need to be 
attracted downwards, having all they needed in their own locality. 
In this district also, as in others in my experience, /ilipendulae was 
probably on the wane when trifolii began its emergence ; the race here 
is a fine ohe, the specimens being fine, fairly large ones, uniform in 
type, with good large spots and very little variation—very different 
indeed from what [ have found in several of the Devon localities. I 
must have examined hundreds and hundreds of specimens in the 
Malvern colony, and I only found ten with the least inclination to the 
extension of spots and this but very slight, but two of them have the 
upper median spot almost connected with the fifth spot by a narrow 
red line on the right wing only, whilst I took one only with these two 
spots confluent though separate from the lower median spot. 
The race found here is I think the most uniform and stable I have 
ever met; out of a very large series there is not one of the type race, 
