82 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
Dr. Verity finds a difference between the individuals of the two 
broods of armoricanus in Italy, which he considers of sufficient import- 
ance to merit a separate name. Among the Rhone Valley specimens 
I cannot detect this. If my specimens were mixed it would be im- 
possible to separate them again, except by their labels. The species, 
which is very abundant at Branson and Follaterre, is equally well 
represented in both broods. I once took a specimen at Vernayaz, 
which must have strayed there from elsewhere, as I never saw 
another. 
H. carlinae, Rbr. 
I have only had the pleasure of taking this species once; not that 
it is by any means rare in the Valais or Bernese Oberland, but princi- 
pally because of its late period of emergence. Its time of flight is, 
normally, August, and this is the more remarkable as it is apparently 
confined to altitudes between 4,000 and 6,500 feet. Where I found it, 
in the Ueschinen Tal, above (and at) Kandersteg, it commenced to 
emerge on July 20th. This was at the lowest altitude from which I 
have seen the species recorded, 7.e., 8,800 ft. to 4,300 ft. 
The species varies on the usual lines. The extensa forms are not 
very rare, and are sometimes very finely developed, while examples 
showing a slight tendency to this variation are of very frequent oc- 
currence. These aberrations, owing to the size of the species and 
beautiful coloration of the hindwing underside, are very like onopordi ; 
and if this latter species turns out to be an inhabitant of a wider area 
in the mountains than is at present known, will give trouble to col- 
lectors who take both, and are not really familiar with each species. 
From what is known, however, it is probable that onopordi will be 
over, or nearly so, before carlinae emerges. The method of examina- 
tion of the genitalia, already described, is very applicable in this ease, 
for the specialised formation of the valve and scaphium (or what used 
’ to be called the scaphium) in onopordi differs so completely from these 
structures as found in carlinae (or indeed any other Hesperia) that 
they can be distinguished at a glance. Superficially it will not be so 
easy, the difference being very slight, but, at the same time they are 
perfectly constant, and can be relied upon to give an absolutely correct 
identification. The fine black lines which border the spots of the 
median band in onopordi are never present in carlinae; in this latter 
the white markings on the hindwing underside are outlined by the 
ground colour, and the spot next the inner margin is never of the 
characteristic shape which in onopordi has earned it the name of 
the “signe de Blachier.” Lastly, in carlinae, the somewhat elongated 
spot, which projects from the outer margin of the wing, and is with 
the exception of the spot at the anal angle, the only trace of the mar- 
ginal band to be seen in this species, forms a very readily recognized 
feature. 
There is a strong tendency in carlinae to a reduction of the white 
markings on the underside, always, however, without these markings 
becoming obsolete. A specimen in my possession has all the white 
reduced to nearly half its normal extent, the formation of the markings 
remaining unaltered. In any other species of the genus, such a - 
reduction is usually accompanied by the loss of a part of the markings. 
Carlinae may be suid, on the whole, to be one of the most easily 
