106 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 
yet made up my mind as to whether the long summer emergence of 
Chrysophanus thersamon represents one or two ‘broods.’ My dates 
cover a period beginning at the very end of June and terminating in 
mid-September. The following are certainly double brooded :— 
Nisoniades tages, Hrynnis orientalis, Hesperia armoricanus (seemingly 
triple brooded at Smyrna), Powellia orbifer, Plebetus aegon, Ayriades 
thersites and Cupido sebrus (ostris), I am not certain whether 
Scolitantides baton has two or three broods. So far I have remarked 
with this species, two periods of relative abundance—late April or 
early May according to season being the first, and the end of July and 
first half of August being the second. But fresh or comparatively 
fresh specimens may turn up according to my records in June, early 
July, and late September. 
Celastrina argiolus has certainly two broods. Specimens taken in 
September have not been fresh enough for me to assume the existence 
of a third brood with complete confidence. 
Turning to other groups—Papilio machaon has three broods, the 
main emergence of each being in April, late June and early July, and 
September in normal years. Pieris brassicae has’ certainly three 
broods, possibly four, and except in May, when it is rare and ragged in 
ordinary years, may be found in good order any day between March 
20th and November 15th. Pieris rapae first appears somewhat later 
and can be taken fresh and frequent in early November. Pvteris napi 
seemingly emerges in the last 10 days of March and the first half of 
April in normal years. Its second brood is well out by June 12th, and 
“forwards’’ showing the characteristic features of that brood may 
ocecasionally be taken in the last days of May. A third brood appears 
in September. .My only Pontia chloridice was taken at a date, which 
suggests a third brood, viz., September 8th. 
Iphiclides podalirius may be, and Brenthis dia certainly is, triple- 
brooded. Other possibly triple-brooded species are Melitaea trivia and 
Leptosia sinapis, while Pararge megera, Colias edusa, and Pontia daplidice 
are regularly triple-brooded. On the other hand I have not yet taken 
“second brood” specimens of Melitaea cinaia, or Cyaniris semiargus . 
in this ‘neighbourhood. Worn ¢s of Satyrus circe and Epinephele 
jurtina appear, as noted in Tuscany by Dr. Verity, in late August and 
early September. This seems to be the case with Hipparchia semele as 
well, though here gs are to be found with ¢s in early September. 
Kury Yawova. 
From August 21st to August 28rd last year I stayed at this place, 
but my collecting was badly disturbed by the bites of flies—one 
species which regularly bit between eye and ear being peculiarly 
inimical—and I spent part of August 22nd in bed with a touch of 
fever and a face in which eyes and other features required some 
looking for. I took or noted the following species :—Nisoniades tages, 
Erynnis alceae (worn), Hesperia armoricanus ?, Chrysophanus thersamon 
1 g, Loweta dorilis 1 g just out, Nveres ? alcetas (worn), P. icarus, P. 
aegon near Yalova port, Raywardia telicanus, Aricia medon {very worn), 
I. podalirius, P. rapae or P. manni one worn ¢ only, P. brassicae, 
Colias edusa, G. rhamni, L. sinapis very fresh and large, Polygonia 
c-album, Pyrametis carduti, P. atalanta, Limenitis camilla, Dryas 
pandora, D. paphia (worn), Melitaea didyma (fresh), S. circe (worn), S. 
