130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST 'S RECORD. 
one brood of the former. Even so if any number were taken it would 
be easy enough to separate them; but if a single aberrant malvoides 
wich abnormal development of the basal spots, was taken with some 
number of fritillwm, it might be difficult to identify superficially. In 
such a case one would have to depend on one or more of the following 
characters of »alvvides, none of which are really constant, but one or 
two are always present, so far as my experience goes. (1) Small size 
and less prominent development of white upperside; (2) the neryures 
and ground colour of hindwing underside of different shades; (3) 
general irregularity of all white markings of hindwing; and (4) 
browner ground colour. In Switzerland, however, fritillwm does not 
occur in the area inhabited by malvoides. 
As in malrae, the var. reducta is frequently found, but an increase 
in size of the basal spots never coincides with a reduction of the spots 
of the median band, and therefore the various aberrations of the 
reducta form never confuse the identity of the species. 
This completes the list of the Swiss species, but some mention 
must be made of H. centawreae, for Mr. Wheeler included it in his 
Butts. of Switzerland on the strength of a record of Ratzer’s, recording 
the capture of it in the Steinen Tal (Simplon Pass) in June and July. 
That this record was the result of an error in identification there can 
be no doubt. Prof. Reverdin tells me he believes it to be so, and that 
he has neyer seen a Swiss Specimen of centawreae. I may also add, 
that I have never met anyone who has, or heard of, any capture. 
What species Ritzer took in the Steinen Tal, one cannot say, but I 
strongly suspect it must haye been the ubiquitous andromedae ; the 
only alternative being cacaliae; for the date, June, at that height 
excludes the possibility of alrews, and it seems impossible that he could 
have mistaken serratulae for centaureae. 
I cannot end these notes without acknowledging the kindness and 
promptitude with which Professor Reverdin has always been ready to 
give me the benefit of his great experience in detail, whenever during 
the past few years I have asked for his opinion on any obscure point 
The accompanying plate illustrates some of the very variable 
extensa and reducta formations, of a few species of each group, with 
one or two typical specimens for comparison. The figures are exactly 
natural size, so may be useful as an indication of the features which 
may be developed in species of either group by this convergent line of 
variation. 
Expnanation oF Prate III. 
A. 
1. H. alveus, type. 2-6. H. alveus, extensa formations. 7. H. serratulae, 
type. 8-9. H. serratulae, eatensa formations. 10. H. carlinae, type (larger than 
normal). 11-12. H. carlinae, extensa formations. 
B. 
1. H. andromedae, type. 2-4. H. andromedae, reducta formations. 5. H. 
cacaliae, type. 6-8. H. cacaliae, reducta formations. 9. H. onopordi, reducta 
form. 
Further Notes from Palestine. 
By H. W. ANDREWS, F.E.S. 
The following notes are in continuation of those that appeared in 
a former number of this magazine and deal with further entomological 
