150 THE ENTOMOLOGIST 'S RECORD. 
generations. Specimens of the other forms described above, when 
speaking of calida, are found in small numbers also in the neighbour- 
hood of Florence and vary according to localities. Form calida seems 
to be produced by damp heat and form pallidefulva by dry heat. 
In many Tuscan localities a race is found certainly very different 
from pallidefulva, but which, on the other hand, cannot be referred to 
calida either, because individuals with a very bright underside are 
wanting. It may be described as an intermediate grade between 
gallica, Obth., and calida, Bell., mixed with a few individuals 
transitional to pallidefulva. I propose calling it supcatipa, taking as 
typical my series from the Valleys of the Fegana and of the Camaione, 
m. 350-550, near Lucca. It is probably the commonest and most 
widespread race in Central and Northern Italy. 
At the highest altitudes reached by medon in the Tuscan Apennine, 
such as Prato Fiorito, m. 1000, and Abetone, m. 1800, the two 
summer generations correspond to grade gallica, Obth. In the 
Sibillini Range, at m. 1200, where the fauna has a more Alpine aspect 
than in the arid Tuscan mountains, also medon displaces itself of 
one grade in variation and produces a perfect agestis, with only two 
generations, with elongated wings, with the underside of a gray 
inclining to fulvous in many specimens of the second or summer 
brood, and with bluish scaling at the base of wings also in the 
latter brood, which consequently often differs in no way from 
aestiva, Stder. 
The following Table summarises what has been said above. It will 
be noticed that the leading characters of the races are very limited in 
number. I have endeavoured to show at a glance, by letters and 
fioures, how the various combinations of their different grades 
characterise the races ; their meaning is explained below. 
Annuals: Northern Europe, North of the Isothermal line of 49°. 
C,.B,.A,. 0-Il. Race artaxerxes, Fabr. (Scotland). 
C,.B,.A,. 0-Il. Race salmacis, Steph. (Northern England). 
C,. Bo. A. 0. Race medon, Hiiin. (=allous, Hiib., fig. 990). 
C,.B,.A,- I. Race semiallous, Harrison. 
High altitudes in the great mountain ranges of Central Europe. 
Cr. Bo. Ay: 0: Race medon, Hiifn., (=allous, Hiib., fig. 990, = alpina, Stdgr.). 
C,. By. A,- I. Race semiallous, Harrison. 
Bigenerates: Northern Europe (South of isothermal line of 49°) and Central 
Europe. Also high altitudes in the great ranges of Southern Kurope. 
(C,) ? 0. Race sarmatis, Gr.-Gr., I. gen. sarmatis. II. gen. & 
C,. Bo. A,.-0. Race mzdon, Hiifn. »,  medon. Po medon. 
Cy Be Ag: I. Race semiallous, Harr. »,  semiallous. ,,  semiallous 
C,.B,.A,- I. Race agestis, W.V.(=astrarche, Brg.) agestis. ,, agestis. 
C,.B,.A,. Ill. Race aestiva, Stdgr. agestis. ,, aestiva. 
C,.B,.A,. IV. Race gallica. Obth. aA agestis or 
subornata. ,, gallica. 
Trigenerates: Southern Europe and Mediterranean Region. 
C,.B,.A,. V. Race subcalida, Vrty., I. gen. swbornata, Vrty., Il. and III. 
subcalida. 
1a Ua VI. Race calida, Bell., I gen. ornata, Stdgr., II. and III. calida. 
1)? Ay. VI. Race infracandida, Vrty., I. gen. infracandida, II. and III. ? 
o)B,. Ay. VI. Race pallidefulva, Vrty., » subornata, II. and III. 
pallidefulva. 
Ay. I. Race montana, Riihl. =nevadensis, Obth. (S. Spain). 
