LEPIDOPTERA IN PENINSULAR ITALY DURING THE YEAR 1920. 225 
Cupido sebrus, B., race sebrus, B.—Also this species, always rare, 
has been abundant this year from April 28th to May 22nd. 
Everes alcetas, Hb., race alcetas, Hb.—Two males only. 
Callophrys rubi, L., race virgatus, Vrty.—Scarce from April 17th 
to May 8th. A very beautiful male, has strange splashes of light 
colour on the forewings. ; 
Nordmannia ilicis, Esp., race inornata, Vrty.—Nearly always 
extraordinarily abundant, but this year only a few specimens at end 
of May. 
Hamearis lucina, L., race lucina, L.-—Did not emerge at all, whilst 
in 1918 and 1919 it was abundant. 
Gonepteryx rhamni, L., race transiens, Vrty.—Only one specimen, 
whilst generally it is seen in hundreds. 
Gonepteryx cleopatra, L., race europaeus, Vrty.—No specimens. 
Colias croceus, Fourc. (=edusa, F.), race croceus, Foure., I. gen. 
vernalis, Vrty.—A few males in April; one female only in May. In 
some years also this first brood is abundant. 
Colias hyale, lu., race calida, Vrty., I. gen. vernalis, Vrty.—During 
the 85 years which I have collected Lepidoptera, I have never seen so 
many of the first brood of C. hyale as I have collected this year. 
There was a gieat emergence in the middle of April, and I continued 
to find very fresh specimens until the middle of May. 
Leptosia sinapis, Li., race bivitatta, Vrty., I. gen. lathyri, Hb.— 
Rather abundant in April and May. 
Anthocharis cardamines, L., race meridionalis, Vrty.—Rare in 
April. 
Euchloé ausonia, Hb., race romana, Calb.—Always very rare at 
Florence. 
Pontia daplidice, Li., race daplidice, L., I. gen. bellidice, Ochs.— 
Three specimens only. The first brood is never abundant, but this 
year even the succeeding broods were wanting. 
Pieris napi, Li., race vulgaris, Vrty., 1. gen. vulgaris, Vrty.—A few 
specimens in April. 
Pieris rapae, L., race rapae, L., gen. metra, Steph.—Very scarce 
this year. 
Pieris manni (Mayer), Turati, race rossii, Stef., I. gen. farpa, 
Friihst.—Only one specimen in May, and only this one was found 
during the whole year. 
Pieris, Mancipium, brassicae, L., race catoleuca, Rob., 1. gen. chariclea, 
Steph.—Of this species, always very common, | only saw a few 
specimens flying over the gardens. 
Aporia crataeyi, L., race meridionalis, Vrty.—Completely wanting. 
I only saw four specimens in May. 
Coenonympha pamphilus, L., race australis, Vrty., I. gen. australis, 
Vrty.—Emerged in April and May, but not so abundant as usual. 
Coenonympha arcanius, Li, race tenuelimbo, Vrty., I. gen. tennelimbo, 
Vrty.—Frequent from May 23rd to 30th. 
Pyronia ida, Esp., race neapolitana, Obthr.—Totally wanting in 
all the regions of Italy visited by us this year. 
Pyronia tithonus, L., race etrusca, Vrty—Abundant in June. The 
females appeared, as always happens, when the males were already old. 
Kpinephele jurtina, L.—Dr. Verity was of opinion that this race 
was identical with the race phormia of Frihstorfer, but having him- 
