998 THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 
what retired for the winter first. Forty healthy females were 
employed, and by means of ink marks, black and red on the wings, 
we got the following results. All paired, fourteen laid at once, twenty- 
six started hibernation. Some of these, of course, came to grief later. 
Therefore, about one out of every three lays at once, and, as this 
happens again with a later brood, it is only fair to eall cleopatra 
continuous brooded, as far as the climate permits. When I left Hast 
Farleigh on October 25th last there were about sixty 2 2 in hiberna- 
tion, also some g g ; and, in addition to these, there were a few 
restless @ 9 who came out whenever the sun permitted and laid. I 
noticed this happening very shortly before I left. There were a good 
many nearly full fed larve on bushes of Rhamnus alaternus, R. alpina 
and R. hybridus, and plenty of ova. Had these larve been taken in 
and fed under glass a good proportion would have pupated and the 
pup would have lived till about the end of the year and then “ gone 
off.” In one instance only can I positively assert that a pupa lived 
through the winter and produced a fine g about the middle of April. 
A few years ago I showed about a dozen nearly full fed larve on 
or about November 20th at a meeting of the Entomological Society of 
London. If we are all alive next August or September I shall be very 
pleased to send Mr. Simes ova, larve, pupz and imagines, but IJ shall 
be still more pleased if he can spare the time on a hot July day to run 
down to East Farleigh, Maidstone, to see G. cleopatra in her glory.— 
(Capt.) EK. B. Pursroy, F.H.S., 87, Oakley Street, Chelsea. 
(2OTES ON COLLECTING, Ete. 
Appitronat Notes on THE EnromonoegicaL Fauna AND ON THE 
FLoRA OBSERVED IN THE TurIN District FROM JULY TO OcToBER, 
1919, iNctustve.—The heat at Turin in July and August being 
greater than that at Rome, the collecting of flowers and insects was 
difficult work to carry out, however, by making up one’s mind to 
«stick it,’ I managed to do a fair amount during these two months, 
although the summer heat this year, 1919, was considered abnormally 
hot by the Italians. The second brood of Brenthis selene was abundant 
and fresh at Stupinigi, July 19th. By the middle of July the females 
of the butterfly Hnodia dryas, a species addicted to damp woods, 
moors, and heaths, as well as dry hilly districts in many parts of 
Central and Southern Europe, were out in Stupinigi Wood in full 
abundance to accompany the males which had first appeared on June 
27th. The beautiful Limenitis sibilla in small numbers, was soon 
replaced by the perhaps more beautiful Limenitis camilla, of similar 
habits of flight. These latter became abundant at Stupinigi, also at 
Sassi and above Madonna Del Pilone, all of which villages are only a 
few kilometers from Turin, and are easily accessible by tram. 
The males and females of Dryas paphia were common at Stupinigi, 
but much more common were both sexes of Syntomis phegea, which 
swarmed in Stupinigi Wood and was at its best in the middle of July. 
Argynnis aylaia occurred regularly in the clearings of the wood, and 
the Blues, especially Polyommatus thetis (bellargus) and Cupido sebrus 
seemed to have endless families and vied with the Five-spot and the 
Six-spot Burnet Moths (Zygaena lonicerae and Zygaena filipendulae) 
for the possession of the flowers. Space will not allow me to mention 
