BRENTHIS PALES, ITS HISTORY AND ITS NAMED FORMS. 101 



55. Eriophyes lioproctufi, Nal. 



Ragwort. Houard, 5867. 

 Durham, Penshaw, R.S.B. 



66. Eriophijea anthocoptes, Nal. 



Creeping Thistle. Houard, 5926. 



Durham, banks of the Wear a,t Penshaw and Hylton, probably not 

 uncommon, R.S.B. 



57. Eriophyes hypoclwerinus, Nal. 



On Cat's-ear. Houard, 6038. 



Durham, Greatham, .J.W.H.H., Penshaw, R.S.B. 



Cumberland, Alston, and Lancashire, Birkdale, R.S.B. 



58. Eriophyes leontodontis , Lindr. 



Autumnal Hawkweed. Houard, 6059. 

 Durham, Penshaw, rare, R.S.B. 



59. Eriophyes pilosellae, Nal. 



Mouse-ear Hawkbit. Houard, 6202. 



Several records from Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, 

 Westmorland, and Lancashire. 



Brenthis pales, its history and its named forms. 



By Hy. J. TURNER, F.E.S. 

 {Continued from vol. .c.rviii., p. 165.) 



In 1881 Alpheraky, Hor. Ross., vol. xvi., p. 409 (Lep. Kouldja 

 Mts.), gave notes on jiales y&v. yraeca, Stgr. 



" (^ and 2 alse subtus pallidiores ; ■ supra cT aurantiaco-fulvus, 

 ■punctulis f uscis parvis ; 2 obscurior vel virescens. Ciliis plus minusve 

 albidis, fusco alternatis." 



" If, on the upper side, pales, which we find everyAvhere in Tian- 

 Chian, once we have passed 8000ft. approaches var. isis, Hlib., they 

 belong to the var. yraeca, Stgr., by their underside being much more 

 pale, as well as by the fringe being generally whitish or even white, 

 alternating with black. 



" Since these last characters are, in my opinion, more important 

 ^ihan are the characters by which the pales of Tian-Chian approach 

 var. isis, I place them here as those of var. yraeca, Stgr. 



" The males are often of a yellow orange and have the black dots 

 very small, sometimes scarcely indicated. 



" On the other hand I have & $ m which the forewings are almost 

 completely covered by the black. 



" The females vary enormously in the colour of the upperside, and 

 often present charming aberrations. (I believe I took one specimen at 

 13,000ft. altitude.)" See below Staudinger, Cat. 1901. 



Kirby in 1882 in his Enr. Butt, and Moths, p. 19, accepted the 

 two main forms as one species pales. He says that the typical form is 

 ■confined in S. Europe to the Alpine mountains, but is found in the 

 plains of northern Europe and Asia, while the arsitache form is found 

 .at a lower elevation in Germany, Switzerland, N. Europe and N. and 

 W. Asia. 



