102 THE entomologist's record. 



Spangberg*, in 1882, Ent. Tidskrift, p. 129, described a form' 

 from Lapland and called it indncta. [1 have not been able to get the 

 original description of this form.] Eiihl in 1895 thus described it, 

 " Forewing upperside blue-violet, very strongly darkened, almost uni- 

 colorous black, only close to the apex of the wing furnished with a 

 small red-yellow spot. On the hindwings the whole inner half is 

 almost black, while in the outer half there are two rows of red-yellow 

 spots. Tetrisuo near Perikkala, Karelia (Finland mid-July), Lapland, 

 Ingermanland." This appears to be a form similar to the melanic 

 aberration which occurs sporadically in some parts of the Alps. If this 

 be a constant form in the Arctic area it would appear that what is a 

 melanic aberration in the Alps is a local race in the Lapland marshes, 



Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 242 (1882), pit. xi., figs. 1 

 and la., describes a form oi pales, as haralacha, n. sp. 



•' Upper-side fulvous ; lower basal area of both wings minutely 

 black- speckled ; forewing with a black recurved streak within the cell, 

 a lunular streak at its end ; a discal transverse zigzag series of broader- 

 streaks, two outer rows of small spots, which are indistinct at the apex, 

 and a marginal, indistinct, dentated lunular speckled line ; hindwing 

 with two less distinct and more slender cell-streaks, discal row of spots, 

 two outer rows of spots (of which the inner row is indistinct), and a 

 marginal speckled line. 



" Underside : — Forewings paler fulvous, with the cell, discal, and 

 inner rows of black spots as above showing very indistinctly ; the 

 costal border, two streaks from the apex, and short X-shaped marginal 

 marks being yellow ; hindwing yellow, with a very irregular transverse 

 sub-basal, discal, and marginal fulvous red band ; the sub-basal band 

 bordered outwardly by linear pearly streaks, the discal band by 

 indistinct pearly luuules, and the marginal band traversed by pearly 

 X-shap'ed marks; the discal and marginal bands more or less confluent; 

 a. small pearly spot also within the cell." 



The figure is a verj' good one, which gives a likeness to the sipora 

 form on the upper side 3" . In fact it appears to be merely a mutation 

 of the sipora form and not worth a distinctive name. Staudinger places 

 the name as a synonym of sipora and remarks on it as similar to (but 

 mis-spells it " barachla ") hothcaucasica and sifamca. [Cat., ed. iii., 

 p. 35, 1901.) 



Lang in 1884, Bhop. Eur., vol. i., p. 109, cut out isis as under 

 napaea. His figures are good. He gave one of var. lapponica underside, 

 which shows a great and sudden contrast between the red and the 

 white coloration. I should certainly say, as Mr. Wheeler states in his 

 Butt, of Siritz., p. 80, that napaea is an ab. of isis $ "supra 

 virescens." 



In 1885 Kane, on p. 79 of his Eur. Butt., gave a summary of 

 what is known of j)ales and included arsilache as a variety. 



Of var. arsilache, E., he noted " Wings rounder than in pales, and 

 of a bright rusty-red, with basal half of wijujs much charged tvith large 

 black markings so approaching some forms of eupltrosgjie. Underside 

 forewings as in euphrosgne, with large black spots and markings. Under- 

 side hindwing like type, but variable." 



Of var. isis, Hb., he says, "With squarer wings, and ^ of paler 



* Staudinger says " Spangberg," Eiihl says " Sandberg." 



