206 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



there, 26 were ^ and only 2 5 , but of those left at Paignton there 

 were 5 males and 10 females. Still the disparit}' between the sexes 

 was evidently much greater than in the spring brood (26 g , ^2 2 )■■ 

 The last emergence was on September 3rd and one of these females 

 paired on the following day with a ^ , and began to lay in the after- 

 noon. Copulation lasted from 10 a.m. till 1 p.m. (summer time). 



It will be seen on comparison how different from this was the 

 behaviour of larva and pupje of the second brood in 1916, as recorded 

 above. 



The two spring forms of egerides are of much interest and it is rather 

 surprising to find that the second or summer brood, so far as I know, 

 always resembles the later and darker spring brood, which is the 

 produce of hibernated larva. The two forms overlap in their time of 

 appearance. In 1917 the light form appeared on April 21st (in some 

 years I have noticed it as early as March 20th), and was abundant on 

 May 5th, worn and hardly distinguishable on June 4th. The dark 

 form appeared on May 26th and was abundant throughout June, eggs 

 being obtained on June 24th from captured females. 



Specimens of the second or summer brood, whether -caught or bred, 

 resemble the darker spring brood, but we have not brpd from the paler 

 spring form at present. There are four or five distinctions between 

 the two spring forms, none of them perhaps constant, but by consider- 

 ing all it is generally easy to say whether a caught specimen belongs 

 to the paler or darker form. A pair of the pale form caught on May 

 20th and placed side by side with a pair of the dark form bred on the 

 same date, show the differences distinctly enough. 



The frequent disparity between the sexes in number in the field is 

 possibly more apparent than real, for the 2 differs greatly in habits 

 from the ^ , and is much more wary, often flying into or over a hedge 

 at the least alarm, whereas the g^ will often continue to course up and 

 down over the same track or settle on the foliage, even though it has 

 been struck at and missed more than once. 



It remains to be proved whether examples that hibernate as pupa 

 always produce the paler spring form of butterfly ; and if this is not 

 always the case, the exact conditions under which it is produced. Also, 

 it would be interesting to rear a summer brood from eggs of the paler 

 spring form for comparison with one reared from the dark form. 



New and Rare British Cecidomyidae. I. 



ByEICHAED S. BAGNALL, F.L.S., and J. W. H. HAKRISON, D.Sc. 



The following may be regarded as a continuation of our series of 

 records on the British Plant-galls, but as we include many species of 

 Cecidiimj/ulae that are not gall-causers we consider it advisable to open 

 a separate series dealing with that group alone. 



The family is a large one and of very diverse habits. Some are 

 found in the larval form under bark of trees, in sap, fungi, etc., others 

 are inquiline or commensals in the galls of Ci/iti/iidae, Ci^ciihuin/idne, 

 Trypetidae, ov Eriophijidae ; several are found in the leaf-sheaths of 

 grasses, rushes and sedges, a few being aquatic ; others are predatory 

 upon mites or Aphididae, whilst a few are internal feeders in insects 

 belonging to widely separated families of the Hemiptera. Not a few 

 feed on epiphytic fungi, and some are to be found in the spikelets of 



