SEASONAL POLYMORPHISM. 



87 



tubercle on either side near the lateral margin, the posterior margin with four 

 short, stout teeth. 



Hab,, with Tennites. 



Seasonal Polymorphism and Races of some European Grypocera 

 and Rhopalocera. 



By EOGEE VEEITY, M.D. 

 {Cqntiniiedfrom jMge ^8.) 



Gonepteryx cleopatra, L., race europaeus, Vrty,, second gen. secunda, 

 mihi, and third gen. tertia, mihi. The three colours oi the under- 

 side produce three forms, according to their proportions : when blue 

 and yellow exist in the radial area of the forewings and on the hind- 

 wings, a vivid green colour is produced, darker than the yellow groand 

 colour of the former in the male (form virida, mihi) ; when blue alone 

 exists these areas are bluish-white and lighter than the yellow (form 

 CAERULEscENs, mihi) ; when yellow alone exists the whole surface is of 

 a uniform colour (form italica, Gerh.) ; the female forms corresponding 

 to the two first mentioned are similar (bluish-white) on account of the 

 absence of yellow ; the female of italica is for the same reason entirely 

 white ; another form of the two sexes is due to the appearance of a 

 reddish ochreous tinge, as in ochracea of rhainni (form ochreata, mihi). 

 Seasonal polj^morphism consists in different proportions of individuals 

 of these forms : in Tuscany caerulescens predominates in all the broods; 

 virida is only found in the first ; italica in about a quarter of the indi- 

 viduals of the second and third, a few amongst them showing the 

 ochreata character. 



Colias croce}is-'% Fourc. Some specimens of the Tuscan first brood 

 are identical with chrysotheine, Esp., except for the patch of androconial 

 scales in the male (form chrysothemeformis, mihi). 



Leptideaf sinapis, L., race nigrescens, mihi. I found this remark- 

 able local race in the marshes near the mouth of the Arno ; I only 

 know the first brood. The black markings of the base and apex have 

 an extent which I have never seen even in single individuals of other 

 localities. 



Pontia daplidice, L., race expansa, mihi. In some Tuscan localities 

 the individuals of the second (June) brood reach an enormous size 

 (usually 43-44mm. in expanse, and often over 45mm.) ; I should call 

 this form expansa, extending the name to the race which produces it. 

 In Sicily the most distinct race of this species is produced ; it is also 

 the finest on account of its large size and very bright colouring ; in a 

 series of the II. generation from S. Martino (May 15th-30th) the 

 largest males reach 49mm. and, the ? 58mm. I call it ampla. 



Pieris napi, L. The name ochreata, mihi., is necessary to designate 

 the najmeae female form with a bright ochreous underside ground 

 colour. 



* edusa. — H.J.T. f Leptosia. — G.W. 



