92 THE entomologist's record. 



brassicae near the hot-house, possibly from a pupa which was in a 

 somewhat warmer spot. Not a single Satumia pavonia has emerged 

 in my cages, although in a case with glass roof facing south. Brephos 

 parthenias is still about, there are seven females in my breeding cages 

 to-day. The ash trees still have their winter aspect and many birches 

 have only small buds. Yet in spite of the weather our two early- 

 leafing oaks in Bexley Wood are in full leaf. On April 10th they 

 were quite forward enough to feed larvae with. These two trees are 

 always three weeks to a month earlier in leaf before any others. 

 Arctia villica larvae are still in their black winter coats whereas 

 usually all have pupated ere this. 'Many A. caja larvae are no larger 

 than before hibernation, and still in the same instar.- — L. W. Newman, 

 Bexley. May 1st.. 



Some Field Notes for 1916-17 (contd).— On the 19th June, 1917, 

 I found a dark Triaena p)d on a-fence at Epsom, and Hecatera serena 

 started emerging, of which the larv» were taken at Eastbourne in the 

 previous year. 



On tbe^25th June I boxed a ? Acidalia avermta off a fence at 

 Dulwich, which laid ova on the following day, and which duly hatched 

 on the 6th July. 



On the 28th June I discovered a pair of Phalera bucephala in cop 

 on a fence at Dulwich, a species not very often seen in the imaginal 

 state. The ? laid one batch of ova on the 29th and another on 

 the 80th. 



On the 5th July I took a ? T. psi, a 2 Boarmia repandata, and a 

 $ Aplecta nebalosa, off a wall at Crawley, Sussex, and also a cocoon of 

 Malacosoma neustria from under a coping. 



On the 6th July the first two Tephrosla bistortata, both pale 5 s, 

 emerged, the produce of the pale $ taken at Midhurst, Sussex (May 

 1st). On the 7th I netted a specimen of the Currant Clearwing, 

 viegeria tipuliformis, in my garden, and found larvae of Xantlwrlio'e 

 ■fliictuata feeding on turnip leaves. On the 9th July I discovered ten 

 larvfE of Siiieriiithiis ocellata of varying sizes, and some fresh laid ova 

 on a dwarf apple tree, and also some larvae of T. psi with two Abraxas 

 grossulariata at rest, and a nest of field mice, all in my garden. 

 Larvae and ova of Pieris rapae, P. brassicae, and Barathra brassicae,' 

 besides other garden pests, were particularly plentiful just now, and 

 some extremely interesting, so that having taken up kitchen gardening 

 on account of the war, I found it very difficult often to make up my 

 mind whether I Avas a gardener or an entomologist. On the 12th 

 July I saw the first Celastnna ari/inlns of the 2nd brood at Dulwich, 

 and the first P. rapae of the summer brood emerged, a ? from green 

 pupa, and on the 13th another from a dark pupa spun up at the same 

 place and under identical conditions. On the 13th July I went to 

 Bournemouth for a three months' stay, and the first insect that forced 

 itself on my attention was a " July Bug," anumberof which were flying 

 on the cliffs. _ P. bucephala ova (laid 29/6/17), hatched to-day, and B. 

 brassicae larvae were now going to earth. These spun an earthen 

 cocoon and eventually turned to a reddish pupa, but to my surprise all 

 the brassicae pupte went over the winter. This was caused by the fact 

 that the last time I bred the species, in 1899, I found a pair in cop at 

 Walmer, Kent, on the 22nd June, the resultant larvse I fed up on 



