SEASONAL POLYMOKPHISM. 



123 



July 18fch, 1918, at the back of the fountain of the village of Bolognola, 

 1200m., in the Sibillini mountains ; it had never been found before in 

 Italy.* The specimen is quite similar to the nymotypical race of 

 Southern France ("type" of Esper from "the mountains of Lan- 

 guedoc "), and in no way resembles the more southern andalaaica, 

 Riihl, of Spain; it is, however, much smaller than the usual French 

 examples. 



Coenonympha arcaniHs, L., race tenuelimbo, Vrty., second gen. 

 GRACILIS, mihi. I have already observed in the Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 

 xlv., p. 223 (1914), that curiously enough all the races of this species 

 had been described as having a wider black marginal band than the 

 nymotypical race, whereas in reality the latter from Scandinavia, 

 including the specimen left to us by Linneus, has the widest possible 

 band. Inconsequence imubrica, Frey., can only be described as larger, 

 and macromma, Turati and Vrty., as having larger ocelli. I there 

 described two narrow-banded races : the gigantic opposita from 

 Calabria, and the widely distributed southern race tenueliiiibo, the types 

 of which are from Tuscany, but which I possess from the Valais, from 

 Barcelona, etc. Having established that the latter produces a partial 

 second generation in August and at the beginning of September, I 

 propose to distinguish it, as has been done in all the other species, by 

 a name, calling it i/racilis, on account of its constantly frailer build 

 and smaller size than the first generation of May and June. 



Pyronia tithonus, L., race etrusca, mihi. The nymotypical race is 

 a German one. I have already shown that the British race britanniae, 

 Vrty. (see Ent. Record, xxviii., p. 169), differs markedly from the one 

 of Central Europe in being darker and having larger eye-spots. In 

 Tuscany there exist two distinct races, the extremes being found on 

 the coast and in the colder mountain localities ; strangely enough the 

 former is similar to the Central European one, and the latter differs 

 from it in a diametrically opposite direction to britanniae, the dryness 

 of the Italian mountains evidently having more effect than the warm, 

 but moist, sea air; the fulvous colour is yellowish, and in the female 

 often very pallid, in which case the marginal band is grayish ; the 

 basal shadowing is very inconspicuous or even absent ; in the male the 

 androconial patch is limited in extent and greyish, or even of a fulvous 

 not much darker than the ground colour ; the black marginal band is 

 narrow, and often does not reach as far as the ocellus of the hindwing; 

 the apical ocellus is small and no other supplementary ones ever 

 appear ; on the underside the apical part of the forewing and the hind- 

 wing are suffused with a brightish yellow tinge, covering also the 

 otherwise dull and pale markings, especially in the female. I take as 

 typical of this etrusca, my series of the Mt. Conca, a cold locality near 

 Florence ; in other localities, lower and less exposed to northern winds, 

 such as the Plan di Mugnone, a transitional (transibns) race to the 

 one of the coast is to be found. Turati has called fiilgens the Sardinian 

 race, with wide-spread black markings above and bright yellow 

 underside. 



Epinephele jurtina, L., race emihispulla, mihi, and race telmessi- 

 aeformis, mihi. The name hispidla, Esp., has been misapplied by a 



* This is quite a mistake. I took it not uncommonly at Asisi in July, 1909 ; 

 see Ent. Rec, 1909, p. 252.— G.W. 



