SEASONAL POLYMORPHISM. 



125 



underside is less variegated ; in the male it is much darker than in the 

 nymotypical race, whereas in the female it is, on the contrary, very 

 white, the pattern being quite inconspicuous ; the fulvous colour is 

 even paler and more yellowish than in the Swiss race on both surfaces. 



Erebia ti/ndariis, Esp., race infkaegentea, mihi. Oberthiir, in the 

 Et. LSp. Coiiip., iii., p. 837, describes the beautiful Italian race belong- 

 ing to the group cassioiden, Esp., which I have figured in Bidi. Soc. 

 Ent. Ital., xlv., pi. i., figs. 15 and 16, as a contrast to the less con- 

 spicuous tiisca, Vrty.; he thinks the name cleo, Hub., is well suited to 

 the former, and that, as this author gives no locality for his type, it 

 might even be Italian ; looking over Hiibner I find that the locality is 

 given in a small supplement to the text of Rhopalocera, published later 

 in a Part dealing with Heterocera, and that " Austria, Tyrol, and 

 Switzerland " are mentioned. The Italian race certainly is very 

 different from any of this region by its brilliant silvery underside and 

 other characters, coming nearer to Spanish races, and is well worthy 

 of a name. The pair figured by me may be taken as types. 



Melanarr/ia galathea, L., race florentlna, mihi; race monticola, 

 mihi ; microprocida, mihi ; race .panormitana, mihi. I cannot enter 

 here on a long discussion of the fascinating geographical variations 

 of this species ; I can only give the following summary of the western 

 races. On its individual variation I have written a monograph, 

 which I hope to be able to publish very soon. 

 I. Group aerena. 



Race Serena, Vrty., England, N. of France. 



Eace pygmaea, Frhst., Neuchatel, Canton de Vaud, Jura Vaudois, 



Geneva, Isere (transition to procida), Haute Savoie. 

 Race fiorina, Frhst., Southern slopes of Simplon, Canton Tessin. 

 Race ne/-e»s, Frhst., Valley of the Rhone in the Valais. 

 Race doris, Frhst., Digne. 



II. Group procida. 



Race monticola, Vrty., High and medium altitudes in Central Italy. 



F^ace fiorentina, Vrty., Plams of Central Italy. 



Race pyraenaica, Vrty., Hautes Pyrenees (Gedre). 



^d,CB microprocida, Vrty., Benevento in Southern Italy ; also Vetriolo 



in the Tyrol. 

 Race procida, Herbst & Jabl., Provence and Piedmont ; also the 



Eastern coast of the Adriatic. 



III. Group turcica. 



Race turcica, B., the Balkans. 



Race calabra, Vrty., High altitudes in Calabria. 



IV. Group and race panormitana, Vrty., Sicily (typical series from 

 Palermo). 



The race jiorentina shows a striking combination of the characters 

 of the procida and of the serena group ; on the outer part of the wings 

 the black pattern is, as in the former, very expanded, and the pre- 

 marginal white spaces very reduced in consequence ; on the inner part 

 the discocellular and the basal pattern are as reduced in extent as in 



