126 THE entomologist's record. 



pygmaea ; on the underside the thick, deep black markings and large 

 ocelli belong to the procida group, but the light grey shadowing, con- 

 trasting with the black streaks, are as in pyfjinaea (in race procida the 

 grey scaling is replaced by black). The minimum, medium, and maxi- 

 mum size, as shown by the expanse between the apex of the forewing, 

 where the fringes begin, are, in the male, 35mm., 38mm., 41mm., in 

 the female, 88mm., 44mm., 50mm. 



The race wonticola may be described as the most variable produced 

 by the species, and is the smallest ; the measures corresponding to the 

 above are as follows : in male, 31mm., 3Bmm., 39mm., in female, 

 84mm., 89mm., 45mm. Extreme variations come close to serena and 

 to procida, so that they seem to compensate each other and give a 

 medium pattern very similar to the medium of florentina, which is very 

 natural, as this is only its mountain race ; amongst its individual forms, 

 which never occur in the latter, the most striicing are : females with 

 yellow ground-colour; others with a white circle round the ocelli 

 above ; others with the two black marginal capillary streaks distinctly 

 separated from each other above ; some of the form vispardi, Jullien ; 

 otheis with a complete series of "wide premarginal white spaces above, 

 across the whole wing. 



In piji-aenaica the black streaks, of underside are extremely dark, 

 thick, and sharply defined, and the ocelli large, making it undoubtedly 

 a race of the procida group, but the grey scaling is of a very light tinge, 

 contrasting with the black pattern more than in other races ; pattern 

 above similar in extent to that of pi/gmaea ; size small, as in the latter. 



In iiricroprocida the size is not superior to that of pyymaea, the 

 pattern otherwise corresponding to the darkest procida races. 



The large Sicilian (jalathea stands apart in the variations of the 

 species. The first impression on examining a series of males is that 

 the race belongs to procida ; a closer inspection also reveals in fact 

 manj' specimens of the most marked procida type on both surfaces, 

 but some are found with a complete series of premarginal white spaces 

 and with eye-spots encircled by a white ring, as in some serena, but in 

 no other Italian males ; these and other specimens have on the under- 

 side a pattern of very fine black streaks and the giey scaling scarcely 

 discernible ; all these characters evidently show a tendency to acquire 

 the aspect of the African lucasi, Rbr., which in consequence is probably 

 but a subspecies of f/alathea. In the females the resemblance is still 

 more striking in some individuals of large size, with acuminated wings 

 and reduced pattern on both surfaces, whereas others are quite of the 

 procida type. 



Pararge riiegera, L. The variations of this species, both geographi- 

 cal and seasonal, are very limited. Ccdedonia, Vrty., and lyssa, Boisd., 

 constitute the extremes as regards the first ; in Greece and Asia Minor 

 a race is found in which the underside is similar to lyssa by the total 

 lack of grey scaling on the underside of hindwings, but in which the 

 black pattern of the upperside is not reduced in extent as in the latter 

 from Dalmatia ; it is worth naming emilyssa (types in my collection 

 from the Bosphorus) ; both this and lyssa are found now and then in 

 Tuscany in the second and third generation ; in hot localities a form 

 is also found with more elongated and acuminated wings, and with the 

 external margin less convex (form porrecta, mihi) ; the occurrence of 



