BBENTHIS PALES, ITS HISTORY AND ITS NAMED FORMS. 



151 



Bingham, in Faun. Brit. hid. Biitter/liea, vol. i., p. 447 (1906), 

 gave aipora, Moore, and baralacha, Moore, as synonyms of palen, and 

 gave (jenerator as the race taken in Chitral, etc., and Turkistan and 

 Afghanistan. It is larger than the type, ground colour paler and 

 brighter, black markings much reduced. Undersides paler than in 

 •pales, but similar; ground of hindwings very pale yellow, almost white 

 sometimes ; silvery-white markings much less conspicuous and 

 reddish, much paler. Chitral specimens smaller. 



Aigner-Abafi, Schm. Aber. {Ann. Mtis. Nat. Hun;)., 1906, p. 502, 

 pit. xiii., lig. 8) described a new form of pales as ab. nigra. 



" This form agrees with the figures of Freyer, Nea Beit., Vol. II., 

 pit. 187, fig. 1, and Wagner, IV., J«/(7-gsfee?-. d. Wein. Ent. Ver., 1895, 

 pit. 1., fig. 4, in all respects. 



" Sooty -brown coloration throughout, only in the marginal area 

 of both wings a row of yellow-brown, longish blotches. The under- 

 sides of the forewings are without markings, reddish brown, the apex 

 brighter; immediately at the base of the hindwing lie 3 large milk- 

 white spots, which are coloured similarly to the spots in the marginal 

 area and are disposed lengthways ; all other markings are wanting. 

 $ 34mm." 



The figure shows silvery spots. 



In 1908 Herr Stichel published a paper in the Berlin Ent. Zeit., 

 a contribution to the fauna of Northern Europe, and on pp. 81-84 de- 

 scribed a new sub-species olBrenthis pa leHnnder the na^me otaqnilonaris, 

 and gave a figure of it, plate III., fig. 5. He also m the same place 

 discussed various melanistic forms, and reproduced the figure of ab', 

 inducta, Sandberg, given by Bahlberg in 1893, Med. Soc. Fr. Fl. Fenn., 

 p. 205, fig. 5, on plate III., fig. 6. 



"Habitu A. palesy&Y. arsilache minoris. Alae supra fulvae, signa- 

 turis dilatatis, in area media anticarum nonnunquam confluentibus ; 

 anticis subtus nigromaculatis, posticis nimis rubiginosis, minus 

 argenteo-maculiferis, fascia discali transversa ochracea nigro fimbriata 

 angustissima." 



" A subspecies hitherto undescribed of what, I take to be, our most 

 variable Argynnid. The general impression almost that of a small 

 specimen of arsilache (type) * from Germany. 



" Upperside of the wings dark reddish brown, the usual markings 

 of the species on the whole emphasised. Thus in the disc 

 the spots across the wing are occasionally joined to form an irregular 

 band and longitudinally are confluent in a similar way. The black 

 marginal spots on both wings are enlarged, often being united to 

 form a complete marginal band, particularly on the distal margin of 

 the hindwings where the united black triangular spots rest on the 

 marginal band and are only separated from the margin exteriorly 

 by fine streaks or small crescent-shaped spots. Towards the base 

 the hindwings are black for a considerable area. 



" The Underside : forewing with distinctly black spots, but standing 

 separately. Hindwing strikingly variegated ; ground colour, rust-red 

 predominant, mixed with ochre-yellow in the disc. The very narrow 

 transverse ochre-yellow band following the red-brown basal area is 



* " Esper's original arsilache is from Franconia (Bavaria). lam unable to 

 determine whether the North German examples differ from this, but take it for 

 granted that they are in agreement." — Stichel.^ 



